厦门同安造水村乡村旅游开发研究

结合生态农村园发展的要求及对同安造水村的综合考察，从多角度来分析市场形势和造水村的人文、地理等各条件的综合状况，为造水村观光农业旅游资源的合理开发提供较为科学的理论依据，同时，为同安区汀溪镇发展成为厦门市的后花园提供借鉴。     

基于全产业链视角的食用菌产业经济效益分析

依照食用菌产业链关系,有效反映以价值转让和食用菌产品生产为主线的企业联系,并体现企业彼此间在市场供需关系基础上建立的内在关联。发展食用菌产业具备成本低、周期短、市场潜力大以及产生经济效益高等积极效应,利用食用菌产品投入产出比值方法,计算投入产出数值,衡量经济效益水平高低,有效评价食用菌产业经济效益。依据食用菌产业发展趋势,提出增加科研及技术投入,推动产业链发展、以及加强食用菌产业规划两点策略,以促进食用菌产业经济效益提升。     

Fungal and bacterial N2O production regulated by soil amendments of simple and complex substrates

Fungal N₂O production results from a respiratory denitrification that reduces NO₃⁻/NO₂⁻ in response to the oxidation of an electron donor, often organic C. Despite similar heterotrophic nature, fungal denitrifiers may differ from bacterial ones in exploiting diverse resources. We hypothesized that complex C compounds and substances could favor the growth of fungi over bacteria, and thereby leading to fungal dominance for soil N₂O emissions. Effects of substrate quality on fungal and bacterial N₂O production were, therefore, examined in a 44-d incubation after soils were amended with four different substrates, i.e., glucose, cellulose, winter pea, and switchgrass at 2 mg C g⁻¹ soil. During periodic measurements of soil N₂O fluxes at 80% soil water-filled pore space and with the supply of KNO₃, substrate treatments were further subjected to four antibiotic treatments, i.e., no antibiotics or soil addition of streptomycin, cycloheximide or both so that fungal and bacterial N₂O production could be separated. Up to d 8 when antibiotic inhibition on substrate-induced microbial activity and/or growth was still detectable, bacterial N₂O production was generally greater in glucose- than in cellulose-amended soils and also in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. In contrast, fungal N₂O production was more enhanced in soils amended with cellulose than with glucose. Therefore, fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios were greater in complex than in simple C substrates. These ratios were positively correlated with fungal-to-bacterial activity ratios, i.e., CO₂ production ratios, suggesting that substrate-associated fungal or bacterial preferential activity and/or growth might be the cause. Considering substrate depletion over time and thereby becoming limited for microbial N₂O production, measurements of soil N₂O fluxes were also carried out with additional supply of glucose, irrespective of different substrate treatments. This measurement condition might lead to potentially high rates of fungal and bacterial N₂O production. As expected, bacterial N₂O production was greater with added glucose than with added cellulose on d 4 and d 8. However, this pattern was broken on d 28, with bacterial N₂O production lower with added glucose than with added cellulose. In contrast, plant residue impacts on soil N₂O fluxes were consistent over 44-d, with greater bacterial contribution, lower fungal contribution, and thus lower fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Real-time PCR analysis also demonstrated that the ratios of 16S rDNA to ITS and the copy numbers of bacterial denitrifying genes were greater in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Despite some inconsistency found on the impacts of cellulose versus glucose on fungal and bacterial leading roles for N₂O production, the results generally supported the working hypothesis that complex substrates promoted fungal dominance for soil N₂O emissions.     

香蕉TGA转录因子家族的鉴定及枯萎病菌胁迫下的表达分析

尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense, Foc）引起的香蕉枯萎病是我国香蕉的主要病害之一,严重影响香蕉的产量和品质。TGA防御反应基因在香蕉应对尖孢镰刀菌胁迫的应答转录调控过程中至关重要。本研究以拟南芥TGA转录因子家族成员蛋白为查询序列,在香蕉基因组数据库中Blast筛选出TGA转录因子家族成员,并对该家族成员进行生物信息学分析。共鉴定得到9个香蕉TGA家族成员,分别命名为MaTGA1~MaTGA9;香蕉TGA家族蛋白富含酸性氨基酸,大部分蛋白以α螺旋为主;亚细胞定位主要在细胞核内。进化树分析表明,香蕉MaTGA转录因子家族的9个成员可分为Class Ⅰ和Class Ⅱ两类,基因结构及功能结构域的分布情况也呈现出高度一致。进一步通过RT-qPCR分析发现,MaTGA2、MaTGA3和MaTGA8在香蕉枯萎病菌侵染后的‘威廉斯’（易感病）及‘南天黄’（抗病）中均显著下调表达,MaTGA1、MaTGA6、MaTGA7和MaTGA9均呈现先下降后上升的趋势;然而MaTGA4和MaTGA5仅在‘威廉斯’中上调表达,以上结果表明MaTGA2、MaTGA3和MaTGA8在香蕉抗枯萎病中发挥重要的生物学功能。本研究结果为香蕉TGA转录因子功能挖掘奠定理论基础。     

非算子型泛函微分方程概周期解的稳定性

利用指数型二分性理论及相关分析技巧，研究了一类具有有限时滞的非算子型的中立型泛函微分方程的概周期解问题，得到了方程存在唯一稳定的概周期解的新结果．     

W/O微乳液体系中SA和MS清除·O_2~-的研究

以水溶液体系作为对照,利用分光光度法研究了W/O型微乳液体系中水杨酸（SA）和水杨酸甲酯（MS）清除超氧阴离子自由基（·O2-）的性能.结果发现,在水浴时间为20min、pH值为8.20和邻苯三酚加入量适宜的情况下,W/O微乳液体系中SA、MS对·O2-的清除率分别可达72.92%、81.47%.微小的pH值变化会引起邻苯三酚自氧化速率的显著变化,电解质溶液对其也有明显的影响,但对SA、MS清除·O2-的能力影响不大.     

Molecular divergence and application of the ITS-5.8S rDNA and RUBISCO spacer in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porphyra haitanensis</Emphasis> Chang et Zheng (Bangiales,Rhodophyta)

To select a reliable and sensitive method for discriminating strains of Porphyra haitanensis, the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 to internal transcribed spacer 2 regions (ITS-5.8S) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the intergenic spacer region of RUBISCO were compared in five wild and five cultivated Porphyra haitanensis strains. Based on molecular analyses, sequences of ITS-5.8S (about 1,210 bp) could be divided into three regions: ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2. The ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of each strain differed, even between individuals collected from the same site. In contrast, 5.8S rDNA and RUBISCO spacer sequences were identical among the ten P. haitanensis strains, although differences were found among different Porphyra species. Phylogenetic analysis also supported these conclusions. These sequence features of highly conserved regions and diversified regions that occurred repeatedly in ITS-5.8S could be useful in discriminating germplasm of P. haitanensis strains or Porphyra species. In contrast, the RUBISCO spacer is only suitable for identifying Porphyra species. New coupled primers were designed to amplify only the 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 region of Porphyra. The sequences of these amplified fragments can be readily used to identify germplasm or to perform phylogenetic analysis of Porphyra spp.     

蜂王浆中10-HDA的研究进展

对蜂王浆中10-HDA的来源、结构、性质及功能等方面的研究进展进行了介绍，并对近年来不断改进和完善的几种测定方法，如分光光度法、色谱法、酶联免疫法、气相色谱-质谱法等进行了简要分析。     

二温式多重RT-PCR同删两种主要兰花病毒的研究

根据建兰花叶病毒(Cymbidium mosaic virus,Cy MV)和齿兰环斑病毒(Odontoglossum ringspot virus,ORSV)两种主要兰花病毒的保守序列设计特异性引物,建立了二温式多重RT-PCR同时检测两种病毒的检测方法。用该方法对感染两种病毒的植株总RNA模板进行扩增,结果同时得到2条大小与实验设计相符的769bp(Cy MV)、1000bp(ORSV)的特异性扩增带。用该方法对随机抽取的39个蝴蝶兰样品进行检测,结果11个样品检测出Cy MV,阳性率28.2%;24个样品检测出ORSV,阳性率61.5%;6个样品同时检测出两种病毒。     

蕴含K1，2，3可图序列的最小度和

经典Turan型问题的变形：确定最小的正偶数σ（H，n），使得对于每一个n项可图序列π=（d1,d2,…,dn）,当σ（π）=d1＋d2＋…＋dn≥σ（H,n）时，π是蕴含N可图的．确定了当n≥6时的σ（K1，2，3，n）。