基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

基于快速幂法子空间跟踪的低频振荡辨识方法

基于中国农村1986~2010年的时间序列数据，采用状态空间模型和中介效应分析方法检验并测算了农村金融发展对农村贫困的影响效应及其成分。研究结果表明：农村金融发展有效促进了农村贫困缓减，并且在促进农村贫困缓减的过程中中介效应与直接效应并存。     

微波辐射法竹浆纤维素的中性TEMPO氧化及表征

采用微波辐射法和中性2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧化物(TEMPO)自由基氧化工艺来预处理竹浆纤维素,之后用超声波机械处理制备微纤化纤维素。实验结果表明,在60℃下,TEMPO用量为0.15 mmol/g(以绝干浆计,下同),Na Cl O2用量为10 mmol/g,Na Cl O用量为1 mmol/g,微波氧化2 h,其羧基含量最高到达0.729 mmol/g,氧化效果最佳,超声波处理后微纤化纤维素得率高达85.7%。FT-IR分析表明纤维素氧化后引入羧基官能团;XRD结果揭示纤维素氧化反应只发生在纤维素的无定型区或结晶区表面;纤维素氧化前后的聚合度(Dp)结果表明相对于碱性氧化,微波辐射和中性TEMPO氧化对纤维的降解程度低,从而有效地保持了纤维素原本的长度。     

Effect of AIR on Inflammatory Reaction Infected by Brucella

In order to investigate the effect of AIR on inflammatory reaction infected by Brucellamelitensis (16M), the AIR domain of Tecpr1 gene of murine macrophages RAW264.7 were knocked down (I-A), overexpressed (O-A) and reversed (OA-IA). Using the chlorine fluorescein (DCFH-DA) as a probe, we detected the variation of ROS production and mitochondria distribution by confocal laser scanning microscopy. We observed the expression changes of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 by qRT-PCR and the expression changes of IL-18,IL-1β and Caspase-1 in host cells by ELISA. The results showed that 16M could stimulate RAW264.7 cells to produce ROS by time-dependent pathway, and I-A group and O-A group showed more abnormal accumulation of mitochondrial. The results of qRT-PCR and ELISA suggested that it had effect on the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC,Caspase-1 and IL-18, IL-1β and Caspase-1 in cells of different groups. Those results indicated that with AIR gene deletion, the release amount of ROS changed, mitochondrial clustered abnormally, and AIR was closely related to the activation of inflammasomes and induction of inflammatory reactions.     

香港人工林改造对林下植物自然更新 和物种多样性的早期影响

以嘉氏羊蹄甲（Bauhinia galpinii）种子为材料，开展了不同浸种催芽处理对比试验。结果表 明，相比不浸种处理，3 个浸种处理明显提高嘉氏羊蹄甲的种子发芽势和发芽率，平均苗高也明显高于不 浸种组，其中，温水(60 ℃ ) 浸种6 h 组嘉氏羊蹄甲种子发芽率最高，达74.7%，苗高生长最快。     

生物质制备合成气技术研究现状与展望

综述了生物质合成气制备技术的现状,着重讨论了生物质气化技术中气化炉类型、气化介质、气化温度和气化压力对合成气组成的影响,介绍了生物质热解油气化和生物质超临界气化制取合成气技术,以及生物质制备合成气过程中气体净化和重整变换等相关技术,分析了各种技术的特点,并展望了生物质合成气制备技术的发展方向.     

不同立地条件对川黔紫薇生长的影响

为了探索不同立地条件对川黔紫薇生长的影响,选取湖南省森林植物园、湖南城步南洞林场2个试验点研究了川黔紫薇1年生播种苗生长情况;选取湖南省森林植物园、湖南城步南洞林场和城步茅坪3个试验点研究了造林6年的川黔紫薇幼树生长情况。结果表明:(1)2个试验点的川黔紫薇1年生苗株高、地径均有极显著差异,以板页岩发育的黄壤的城步南洞林场试验点的1年生苗平均株高和地径分别为1.65 m、1.16 cm,以四纪网纹层发育的低丘红壤的湖南省森林植物园试验点的1年生苗平均株高和地径分别为1.08 m、0.82 cm。(2)3个造林试验点的6年生川黔紫薇的树高、胸径均有极显著差异,以板页岩发育的黄壤的城步南洞林场试验点的植株生长最快,平均树高和胸径分别为5.8 m和7.94 cm,以石灰岩发育的黄壤的城步茅坪试验点的植株次之,以四纪网纹层发育的低丘红壤的湖南省森林植物园试验点的植株生长最慢。结论认为川黔紫薇能在湖南省低丘至山地较大范围内栽培,但最适范围是海拔500 m左右及以上可造林山地,并且该树种是石漠化治理的优良树种。     

仰角式三相分离增压一体化装置的研发与应用

大港油田以新技术、新工艺、新设备的应用为支撑,以集成化、橇装化为突破口,针对传统接转站存在的问题,研制了仰角式三相分离增压一体化装置。采用仰角式分离器,分离效率高,设备结构紧凑、体积小,通过合理布局将分离器与外输泵集成在同一橇块上,实现了油气水三相分离、就地切水、原油(液)增压输送等功能,且橇块体积小,集成度高。该装置在白一接转站得到应用,实现了白一接转站采出水就地处理回注、油气分输等功能,简化了白一接转站站内流程,对优化板桥油田以及系统节能降耗起到了很好的推动作用。     

ASME B31标准在海外油田地面工程建设中的应用

在海外油田地面工程建设项目的管道设计中,一般采用美国ASME B31系列标准,其中常用的管道标准有ASME B31.3、ASME B31.4和ASME B31.8,相应的国内标准有GB 50316、GB 50350、GB 50253、GB 50251.从管道直管内压设计、无损检测、压力试验等方面分析了美国ASME B31系列标准和国内相关标准的主要差异和产生原因.在管道设计壁厚的选取方面,主要探讨了钢板负偏差和腐蚀裕量的问题；在无损检测和压力试压方面,国内标准的要求相对国外标准更加严格.结合项目实际,着重阐述了在海外油气田地面工程设计中需要注意的问题,旨在更好地把握和应用ASME B31系列标准；相对于中国国家标准,美国相关标准的更新速度更快,使用部门及其设计者需要及时关注和掌握ASME B31系列标准的最新版本和内容变化.     

大肠杆菌表达系统和酵母表达系统的研究进展

由于DNA重组技术和蛋白组技术的发展与成熟,外源基因表达技术备受关注。其在生物、食品、工业以及医学领域发挥着举足轻重的作用。以原核生物细胞及真核生物细胞作为表达系统,进行目的基因序列的表达以生产蛋白疫苗、核酸疫苗和生物酶制剂等是近年来发酵工业的新型领域。原核和真核表达系统是近年来研究和应用最广泛和最成熟的外源基因表达系统。对近年来关于大肠杆菌表达系统和酵母表达系统的研究进展进行了综述。