外来入侵杂草刺果瓜（Sicyos angulatus L.） 严重危害玉米

刺果瓜（Sicyos angulatusL.）为葫芦科野胡瓜属一年生攀援草本植物,生长扩展速度快,种子量大、繁殖力极强。该杂草原产于美国,我国仅在台湾和大连地区发生。2013年本研究调查发现,刺果瓜于2002年在宣化区屈家庄首次发生,目前已导致张家口地区约400 hm2玉米受害,造成减产50%~80%。刺果瓜的生长、入侵、传播途径和防控技术等尚不清楚,急需进行深入研究。     

植原体基因组学研究进展

植原体（phytoplasma）是一类重要的植物病原细菌, 可经叶蝉、飞虱等昆虫介体传播, 感染1 000多种植物, 产生丛枝、黄化、韧皮部黑斑坏死等症状, 给农业、林业生产带来巨大的损失。本文对植原体基因组学研究的历史、现状及当前植原体效应蛋白等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Citrus viroid I-LSS variants from citrus in Pakistan and China reveals their possible geographic origin

CVd-I-LSS (low sequence similarity), a variant of Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), was first discovered in Japan, and its distribution is currently limited to Japan and Iran. In the present study, seven CVd-I-LSS isolates were detected from different citrus hosts (Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata and C. limettioides) in Pakistan and China. Genetic diversity analysis of 49 cDNAs of CVd-I-LSS isolates showed that the Pakistan population was more diverse than that tested from Japan or China. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the predominant sequences examined into three main clades. Only sequences from the Pakistan isolates were found in all three clades, suggesting Pakistan may be the original source of CVd-I-LSS. Cultivar import records and the close phylogenetic relationship found between CVd-I-LSS from China and Japan suggested that the viroid isolated from China might have originated from Japan.     

硫双威原药中单质硫高效液相色谱分析

本文采用反相高效液相色谱法,以乙腈为流动相,使用Eclipse XDB-C18、5μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在225nm波长下对硫双威原药中单质硫进行分离和定量分析。结果表明该分析方法的线性相关系数为1.00,最低检出浓度为0.1mg/L,标准偏差为0.03,变异系数为1.15%,平均回收率为100.34%。     

黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌检测试纸条的研制

应用胶体金免疫层析技术研制了黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌[Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder 1930) Dowson1939]检测试纸条.采用柠檬酸三钠法还原氯金酸制备胶体金,标记黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌多克隆抗体,将金标抗体喷涂在结合垫上,将黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌抗体和羊抗兔二抗包被在硝酸纤维素膜上作检测线和质控线,组装制成黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌检测试纸条.用试纸条检测黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌的结果表明,制备的试纸条特异性好,与其他常见植物病原细菌等无交叉反应,对黄瓜叶片中黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌的最低检测限为106 cfu/mL,能在5～15 min内快速检测出黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌,适合田间现场快速检测黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌.     

Identification of a candidate gene for resistance to root‐knot nematode in a wild peach and screening of its polymorphisms

Root‐knot nematode disease, caused by Meloidogyne species, is an important soil‐borne disease of peach (Prunus persica L.) worldwide. To identify a major locus of genetic resistance to M. incognita, PkMi, in a wild peach species, we reconstructed a linkage group in a BC₁ population of 187 lines using resistance gene analogue markers surrounding the PkMi locus. A resistance gene analogue marker, ppa021062m, co‐segregated with the PkMi locus and was therefore considered a strong candidate for PkMi. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced protein sequences of ppa021062m, together with the other seven genes for nematode resistance, allowed ppa021062m to be assigned to the Toll/Interleukin1 Receptor‐Nucleotide Binding Site‐Leucine Rich Repeat class, similar to Ma in myrobalan plum (P. cerasifera). Comparative analysis of the candidate gene sequence in four genotypes that had different levels of resistance to root‐knot nematode disease showed that most non‐synonymous SNPs in the genic region were distributed in the TIR and NBS motifs. This study enhances our understanding of the genetic and molecular control of resistance to root‐knot nematode disease in peach.     

我国农业院校水土专业校企合作

在我国发展现代农业的背景下,农业类院校学生的培养对于我国农业以及社会的发展起到决定性的作用,如何培养高素质的农业人才成为我国社会关注的焦点之一。校企合作是人才培养的新模式,在加强学生理论学习的同时,对于学生的实践能力具有极大的促进作用。该文选取农业院校水土类专业为研究对象,详细探讨校企合作模式中的问题,期望能够为我国农业院校水土类专业人才培养起到一定的借鉴意义。      

基于物联网的农田环境在线监测系统

针对农田环境监测面积大、点多、时间长的特点,提出基于物联网架构的农田环境监测系统,系统由传感层、传输层和应用层构成。设计开发了以飞思卡尔MC9S12XS128为微处理器的无线传感器网络节点的硬件电路和太阳能供电系统,编制了协调器与路由器的底层软件,测试了远端服务器与WSN网络单点和多点之间的通信性能。现场试验结果表明:基于物联网的农田环境监测系统,运行稳定、可靠,为科学预测和科学种植提供了依据。      

我国林下经济集约经营现状及建议

目前, 以林下种植、林下养殖、林下产品加工等为主要内容的林下经济在我国各地已经有了很大发展.文中总结林下经济的产生与发展过程, 分析林下经济集约经营现状, 从理论层面剖析其经济学和管理学价值; 在此基础上讨论林下经济集约经营过程中存在的问题; 最后从发展理念、政府服务、典型带动、市场引导等方面提出推进林下经济集约经营发展的建议, 以期更好地引导和规范林下经济的发展.     

后林改时期农户林业生产行为动态趋势分析——以湖南省为例

在后林改时期,农户已成为我国集体林区主要林业经营主体。文中梳理了农户林业生产行为相关研究文献;以湖南省为研究区域,从林业生产过程角度揭示林改后农户造林、抚育和采伐行为动态趋势,从投入角度探讨林业资金和劳动力投入行为变化趋势,从林业产出角度分析林业收入水平和来源结构变化趋势及其与林业生产行为变化之间的关系;总结了后林改时期农户林业生产行为的基本发展趋势。