杨庄煤矿区农田塌陷水域多介质OCPs污染特征及生态风险研究

为研究采煤活动影响下农田塌陷水域有机氯农药(OCPs)的污染特征及潜在生态风险,使用GC-MS对淮南潘一矿的杨庄农田塌陷区水体和底泥中的OCPs特征污染物六六六(HCHs)及滴滴涕(DDTs)进行质量浓度测定,利用ArcGIS进行OCPs分布特征及来源研究,并选择共识沉积物质量基准法(CB-SQGs)对潜在生态风险进行分析。结果表明:杨庄沉陷区溶解态ΣOCPs质量浓度范围为72.06～218.89 ng·L~(-1),均值为167.32 ng·L~(-1);悬浮态和沉积态ΣOCPs范围为199.35～405.04 ng·g~(-1)dw和24.34～1 247.32ng·g~(-1)dw,均值为277.07 ng·g~(-1)dw和238.78 ng·g~(-1)dw;悬浮态和沉积态OCPs质量浓度自上游向下游方向随水流呈削减趋势;杨庄塌陷水体中HCHs主要来自于林丹,DDTs主要来自于农业三氯杀螨醇;溶解态OCPs低于国家Ⅲ类水质标准限额,处于低生态风险水平;悬浮态和沉积态OCPs处于中高生态风险水平,其中沉积态OCPs毒性发生率略低于悬浮态OCPs毒性发生率。     

规模化畜禽养殖场粪便中多重耐药菌分离鉴定及其耐药特征

为了解禽畜粪便中多重耐药菌的污染特征,本研究对鸡粪、牛粪、猪粪和有机肥这4种不同样品中多重耐药菌进行了计数分析,并对不同来源的多重耐药菌株进行了分离和纯化,进一步开展了基于16S rDNA序列比对的分子生物学鉴定以确定其种属地位,以及基于药敏试验的耐药性特征分析。结果表明:不同养殖动物粪便中四环素、恩诺沙星、磺胺甲恶唑和泰乐菌素4种抗生素多重耐药菌的绝对数量和相对数量排序均为鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪,粪源有机肥中可培养的多重耐药菌的绝对数量和相对数量在堆肥后均有所下降。通过对耐药菌株鉴定和分类学分析,发现禽畜粪便中多耐药菌的菌门集中分布在Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Actinobacteria,多重耐药菌的优势菌属为Escherichia、Corynebacterium、Kurthia;而有机肥样品中多重耐药菌的优势菌属为Staphylococcus、Glutamicibacter。菌株的药敏试验表明,3类动物粪污中的多重耐药菌都对红霉素、四环素有着较高的耐药率,均高于80%,而对阿米卡星这种抗生素表现出较好的敏感性,其耐药率低于30%。通过对Ⅰ、Ⅱ类整合子基因盒的扩增,发现PCR产物的大小从0.8 kb到1.8 kb不等,基因盒ad A2、dfr A17、dfr A1及sat2在养殖场粪污中检出率均较高。     

基于文献计量的国际有机农业生物多样性研究现状与热点分析

为探究有机农业生物多样性这一领域的研究现状、热点与态势,基于Web of Science数据库,利用文献计量分析方法,对1986—2019年有机农业生物多样性领域研究文献的发文量、研究力量的分布及合作、期刊分布、研究热点和主题等方面进行数据挖掘和可视化分析。研究表明:检索到的文献最早发表于1996年,2005年之前此领域处于初步发展期,2005年进入稳步增长期,文献数量总体呈逐年增多的趋势。研究主要集中在欧洲和北美发达国家,如德国、美国、英国和瑞典等;发文量最多的机构是法国国家农业研究所和瑞典农业科学大学;学者Tscharntke T发文量最多,近5年Batáry P发文量较多;刊文量最多的期刊是《Agriculture EcosystemsEnvironment》《Journal of Applied Ecology》和《Sustainability》,刊文量前16的期刊中《Journal of Applied Ecology》影响因子最高(6.533)。德国和英国与其他国家合作交流频繁,瑞典农业科学大学和慕尼黑工业大学是机构合作网络的两个中心,Tscharntke T和Bommarco R等较多学者表现出紧密合作的学术形式。通过关键词共现分析发现,国际研究热点从仅关注种植模式对生物多样性影响的基础性研究,逐步拓展到不同尺度或景观复杂性对有机农业生物多样性和生态系统服务影响的应用型研究。我国研究起步较晚,发文量和篇均被引频次等与欧美国家还存在差距,但近5年发文量增长较快,具有良好的发展趋势。今后此领域仍将是全球有机农业研究和实践的热点方向,涉及多尺度、多学科交叉融合的基础性研究和地域性应用研究仍是未来研究的重点。     

苹果产业社会化服务现状与发展建议

随着苹果产业劳动力、生产成本及种植模式等要素的发展变化,其社会化服务经历了从无到有、由少到多的演变过程,呈现出以龙头企业、专业合作组织、基层党组织、销售(物流)平台、互助团体或民间组织等主导型的多种供给模式共同发展的特点。对苹果社会化服务的发展背景进行了阐述,对其当前主要发展模式及特点进行了总结,并提出了发展建议。     

不同有机肥对矿区复垦土壤磷素矿化特征研究

【目的】探究不同有机肥对采煤塌陷复垦土壤磷素的矿化特征。【方法】采用室内培养试验,以不施肥处理为空白处理(CK),研究了施用3种有机肥(鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪)对矿区复垦土壤速效磷的动态变化,并综合其矿化过程中的磷酸酶活性及磷转化强度,分析了不同有机肥对矿区复垦土壤磷生物有效性的影响。【结果】①在整个室内恒温培养过程中,各施肥处理的速效磷量均随培养时间延长呈下降趋势,不同培养时期速效磷量大致呈现出:鸡粪>猪粪≥牛粪>化肥>CK。培养结束时(105d),鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪处理较化肥处理显著提高了土壤速效磷量(18.56%~37.09%);鸡粪处理较猪粪和牛粪处理速效磷量显著提高了11.93%~15.62%,而猪粪和牛粪处理间差异不显著;②在整个室内恒温培养过程中,拟二阶动力学模型能较好地反映各施肥处理速效磷释放过程,其次为Elovich模型和幂函数模型,而粒内扩散模型拟合效果较差。③在整个培养时期施有机肥处理的磷酸酶活性显著高于化肥处理,提高幅度为39.14%~120.70%。④培养前期(0~14 d),猪粪处理与化肥处理对土壤有机磷转化强度影响较大,二者间差异不显著,且猪粪处理较牛粪、鸡粪处理能显著提高有机磷转化强度,分别提高了41.51%和86.52%;在培养中后期(42~105d)各施肥处理的有机磷转化强度差异均不显著。【结论】施用有机肥能促进矿区复垦土壤磷素矿化,其中鸡粪较猪粪和牛粪对提高土壤有效磷量作用更为明显。     

冬季自然降温过程中阿拉伯婆婆纳与白三叶生理指标的变化特征

以阿拉伯婆婆纳(Veronica persica)和野生白三叶(Trifolium repens)为试验材料,研究了2种植物在冬季自然降温过程中部分生理指标的变化特征。结果表明,在冬季最冷月自然降温过程中,2种植物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈下降趋势,降温初期二者SOD活性下降明显,但阿拉伯婆婆纳的降幅(13.1%)小于白三叶的降幅(17.3%),且阿拉伯婆婆纳的SOD活性始终高于白三叶;从2018-12-14到2018-12-24阿拉伯婆婆纳叶片脯氨酸含量显著上升,白三叶脯氨酸含量到2019-01-03才有明显上升;2种植物丙二醛(MDA)含量降温初期均有上升,但白三叶的增幅(29.7%)高于阿拉伯婆婆纳的增幅(12.5%)。3项生理指标的测定结果均表明,阿拉伯婆婆纳比白三叶能够更好地进行自身生理调节,以适应低温胁迫,且越冬率及返青情况观测结果与生理指标反映的结果相吻合。     

Effects of remifentanil on monophasic action potential and transmural dispersion of repolarization in rabbit myocardium

AIM: To study the effect of remifentanil on monophasic action potential and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in the 3-layer myocardium of isolated rabbit hearts. METHODS: Adult rabbits (n=18, 2.0 ~ 2.5 kg) were used to isolate the hearts for preparing Langendorff perfusion model. The hearts were randomly divided into 3 groups after perfusion with K-H solution for 15 min: the perfusion in control group (C group) continued for 60 min; the hearts in remifentanil group (R group) were perfused with 12 μg/L remifentanil K-H solution for 60 min; the hearts in remifentanil+aminophylline group (RA group) were given 60-min perfusion of 12 μg/L K-H remifentanil+30 mg/L aminophylline. The HR and 3 layers of myocardial monophasic action potential (MAP) in the left ventricular anterior wall were recorded at time points after balanced infusion for 15 min (T₀), and continued perfusion for 15 min (T₁), 30 min (T₂) and 60 min (T₃). The monophasic action potential duration of repolarization at 90% (MAPD₉₀) and the transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) were calculated. The early afterdepolarization, delay afterdepolarization and arrhythmia were also observed. RESULTS: In R group, slower HR and prolonger MAPD₉₀ and TDR at T₁~T₃ were observed as compared with those at T₀ (P<0.05). R group showed slower HR and longer MAPD₉₀ and TDR than C group and RA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Remifentanil slows the HR, extends the MAPD₉₀ and increases the TDR, thus being prone to induce reentry. Aminophylline makes HR faster and MAPD₉₀ shorter, thereby reducing the TDR.     

低温日灼对核桃腐烂病发生的影响

以"辽宁1号"等6个核桃品种为试材,对参试树进行低温日灼及腐烂病发生的方位、病级、发病率等统计分析,研究了核桃腐烂病的发生与低温日灼的关系。结果表明:核桃腐烂病主要发生在成龄结果树枝干南或西南方向,发病处均伴有低温日灼现象;核桃不同品种间抗逆性存在着较大差异,低温日灼发生率低的品种腐烂病发生率也较低,但发生率均与发病程度无必然联系;腐烂病病情与低温日灼伤情密切相关。     

Influence of paricalcitol on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy

AIM: To investigate the effect of paricalcitol (P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy (DN).METHODS: DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin after fasting. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups:the DN rats in paricalcitol-intervened group (group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg (3 times a week); the DN rats in DN group (group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol. Normal control group (group C) was also set up. The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks. The biochemical indexes were measured. The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4, β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS: (1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (2) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis increased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (3) The expression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05). Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05). (4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.     

肠致病性大肠杆菌DPO-PCR快速检测方法的建立

为建立肠致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)的快速检测方法,本研究以EPEC bfp A基因为靶基因设计了一对双启动寡核苷酸引物(DPO),建立了EPEC的DPO-PCR快速检测方法。结果显示,退火温度在45℃~65℃范围内均能够高效地扩增出目的基因,表明DPO引物对退火温度不敏感。该方法对其他菌株的扩增结果均为阴性,特异性强;其灵敏度为97 cfu/m L。利用该方法和国标法分别对采集的230份临床样品进行检测,均共计检出5份EPEC阳性样品,两者符合率为100%。本研究建立的DPO-PCR方法设计简单、特异性强、灵敏度高,具有良好的实用性,为快速准确检测EPEC提供新的检测手段。