亚热带和热带土壤的磁化率

亚热带和热带土壤的磁化率X变化大,高的达2000—6000单位(昆明玄武岩红壤),低的只几个单位(沼泽土、强还原性水稻土、磷质石灰土)。大体上是:自型土>潮土>水稻土>沼泽土。在自型土中,砖红壤、红壤的X值大于石灰岩土和紫色土。红壤的磁性受母岩和发育度的影响大。各地的玄武岩红壤的X值为3×10²—6×10³单位,其他红壤多为100—40单位(中性和酸性岩浆岩,多数沉积岩),或40—10单位(一部分石灰岩、凝灰岩)。灼烧土壤而得到的X-t曲线和“转化率”E,可粗略地反映磁赤铁矿生成的相对程度,进而估计红壤化的程度,似可在红壤的诊断、鉴定中试用。     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for deoxynivalenol in corn and wheat

The availability of antibody against deoxynivalenol (DON) triacetate (Tri-Ac-DON) has enabled development of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an indirect ELISA for DON in corn and wheat. In both assays, DON is extracted from the sample with acetonitrile-water, reacted with acetic anhydride to form Tri-Ac-DON, and diluted in phosphate buffer for analysis. Direct ELISA was found to be the more sensitive procedure. Fewer interferences are evidenced, and the assay is less time consuming than is indirect ELISA. For direct ELISA, recovery of 10-1000 ppb DON added to corn and wheat was 100% (SD 15, CV 15%) and 102.1% (SD 12.2, CV 11.9%), respectively. For indirect ELISA, overall recovery of 10-1000 ppb DON added to wheat was 121.5% (SD 39.5, CV 32.5%); in the higher concentration range (500-1000 ppb), recovery was 105% (SD 18, CV 17%). The minimal detection level for DON was around 10 ppb. Analysis of 7 naturally contaminated samples for DON showed that the ELISA results agreed well with those obtained by radioimmunoassay and thin-layer chromatography.     

Toxic effect of landfill leachate on microalgae

Leachates from two landfills, namely Junk Bay (JB) and Gin Drinkers' Bay (GDB), were assessed for their acute toxicity using four green algal species, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, C. vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp. and Dunaliella tertiolecta. JB leachate was more toxic to the four algal species tested than leachate from GDB landfill. The growth rates of all four species in 50% JB leachate, and two species (C. vulgaris and D. tertiolecta) in 50% GDB leachate were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in the control (Bristol Medium only). Values of 96h-EC50 of JB leachate for all four species were lower than those of GDB. The high contents of ammoniacal-nitrogen and organic compounds (such as volatile fatty acids) seemed to be the factors governing the toxicity of leachate on algae. There were differential sensitivities to leachate exhibited by the tested algal species. Susceptibility to leachates in terms of cell number were in the ascending order of C. pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus sp., C. vulgaris and D. tertiolecta.     

Determination of total 14C residues of sarafloxacin in eggs of laying hens

[14C]sarafloxacin was orally administered to six laying hens for five consecutive days. Eggs were collected for 15 days after the initial drug treatment. Egg yolk and egg albumen were separated and assayed for total radioactive residues (TRR) using a combustion oxidizer and scintillation counting techniques. Radioactivity was detected in egg yolk and egg albumen on the second day of dosing and reached a maximum at 24 h after drug withdrawal. Thereafter, the sarafloxacin TRR levels in egg albumen declined rapidly and were undetectable 2 days after the last dose, whereas the levels in egg yolk declined at a much slower rate and were undetectable 7 days after drug withdrawal. In both the egg albumen and yolk, HPLC analysis indicated that the parent sarafloxacin was the major component.     

北缘地区毛竹实生林生长与立地条件的关系

为了探讨北缘地区毛竹实生林生长发育与立地条件的关系,选用10 a生毛竹实生林地开展制约实生林生长的因素研究。结果表明：在种源和培育措施都相同的条件下,立地条件与毛竹胸径生长量有密切的关系,不同的立地条件对竹林的林分结构有着较为显著的影响,不同的土壤厚度是导致立竹径阶分布显著差异的主要因素。因此,毛竹实生苗造林立地条件的...     

Biodegradation of Monoethanolamine,Ethylene Glycol and Triethylene Glycol in Laboratory Bioreactors

The release of alkanolamines and glycols into the subsurface soils poses a potential hazard to the environment through impacted soil and groundwater. This study investigated aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of monoethanolamine (MEA), ethylene glycol (MEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG). Significant levels of MEA (31 000 mg/kg), MEG (500 mg/kg) and TEG (2100 mg/kg) were successfully aerobically biodegraded in bioreactors. The aerobic slurry experiments suggested initial phosphate (P) limitation, as biodegradation rates increased by one order of magnitude after phosphate addition. Anaerobic decay of MEA, MEG and TEG was unaffected by P-addition. MEA, MEG and TEG degradation products such as acetate, ethanol and ammonium at about 75 000 mg/kg, 8100 mg/kg and 8800 mg/kg degraded completely and did not prevent aerobic biodegradation. This study confirms proposed biodegradation pathways of MEA, MEG, TEG and their breakdown products in natural soil and groundwater using indigenous microbes. Levels of contamination studied here are significantly higher than previously reported.     

玉米热风干燥中对流换热系数和当量导热系数的确定

以玉米作为热风干燥物料，在垂直热吹风干燥实验中，建立了干燥速率与对流换热系数的关系式。提出了由干燥速率来确定热风与玉米的对流换热系数，进而求取厚层玉米当量导热系数的实验方法     

Bi-directional nitrogen transfer in an intercropping system of peanut with rice cultivated in aerobic soil

Three separate greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the bi-directional N transfer in a peanut and rice intercropping system using the direct ¹⁵N foliar feeding technique at N application rates of 15, 75 and 150 kg ha^–1. When peanut was used as the ¹⁵N donor plant, the atom % ¹⁵N in the rice shoot was consistently higher than in control rice, indicating that ¹⁵N transfer from peanut to the associated rice crop occurred. The percentage of N transfer (%NT) from peanut to the associated rice was 9.9%, 5.7% and 4.2% at the three N application rates, respectively. The N transferred from peanut to rice was 22.6, 15.5 and 8.2 mg N plant^–1, accounting for 10.9%, 6.4% and 3.1% of the total N accumulated in rice plants at the three N application rates, respectively. When rice functioned as the ¹⁵N donor plant, the %NTs were 4.4%, 2.1% and 1.4% and represented about 5.2%, 3.4% and 2.4% of total N accumulated in peanut shoot at the three N application rates, respectively. The net directional N transfer was from peanut to rice and this was calculated by the difference in the bi-directional transfers and was mainly due to peanut root decomposition. Thus, the %NTs were 10.7%, 6.3%, 5.1% and 3.5% on 28 July (the day on which peanut shoots were cut), 8 August, 28 August and 8 September, respectively, and correspondingly, the N transferred from peanut to rice represented 6.0%, 5.8%, 5.1% and 3.2% of the total N accumulated in the rice plants.     

降解稻草纤维素真菌的初步研究

从自然腐烂的稻草秸秆中分离筛选出126霉菌菌株,并从中筛选出10株降解稻草秸秆能力较好的菌株。其中以A242,A251降解秸秆纤维素能力较强;A321,B311降解秸秆半纤维素能力较强。A242,B311菌株的稻草粉发酵降解液中还原糖质量分数分别达到94.104 4,90.627 4 mg/g稻草粉;A321,B321菌株的稻草粉发酵降解液中木糖质量分数分别达到11.821 0,12.121 9 mg/g稻草粉。可综合其各自发酵的优势,将其作为初始菌株进行进一步的优化。     

Modeling of Punching Failure Initiated by Concrete Splitting at Longitudinal Bar Level for Slabs without shear reinforcement

A new punching failure model has been developed for thinner slabs (≤120 mm thick) yet with a larger reinforcement ratio (＞085). On the assumption that the trigger of ultimate failure is the loss of dowel action caused by concrete splitting along the horizontal surface at longitudinal bar level, an equilibrium equation was established and an upper bound solution was obtained. The computation of punching shear capacity shows that for a total of 194 specimens collected, the mean and the coefficient of variation are 1072 and 0.250 respectively. As for the 116 members (out of all 194 ones) with the above character, it is found that there is little change of the mean (equal to 1017) yet an apparent decrease in the coefficient of variation (equal to 0184), which justifies the proposed hypothesis and refined mode in estimating punching resistance of such members.