一种新的对虾病原菌——雷氏普罗威登斯菌

本文从患败血病的中国对虾体内分离到多株细菌，其中三株经人工感染证实为病原菌，又经４０多项形态、生理、生化特性测试，鉴定为雷氏普罗威登斯菌（Ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｎｃｉａｒｅｔｇｅｒｉ），其主要特性为杆状，革兰氏阴性，周生鞭毛，运动，无自然游动现象，兼性厌氧，苯丙氨酸脱氨酶、柠檬酸盐利用、吲哚、甲基红反应均阳性，发酵甘露醇、肌醇、甘露糖产酸。赖氨酸、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、精氨酸双水解酶、ＶＰ反应均阴性。生长最适温度、ＮａＣｌ、ｐＨ范围分别为２５℃—３０℃、０５％—１５％、７０—９０。对羧苄青霉素、先锋霉素５号、氯霉素、ＳＭＺ＋ＴＭＰ、氟哌酸、链霉素等极为敏感。雷氏普罗威登斯菌引起对虾败血病在国内外尚属首次报道。     

Irreversible competitive inhibitory kinetics of cardol triene on mushroom tyrosinase

Cardol triene was first purified from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid and identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effects of this compound on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were studied. The results of the kinetic study showed that cardol triene was a potent irreversible competitive inhibitor and the inactivation was of the complexing type. Two molecules of cardol triene could bind to one molecule of tyrosinase and lead to the complete loss of its catalytic activity. The microscopic rate constants were determined for the reaction of cardol triene with the enzyme. The anti-tyrosinase kinetic research of this study provides a comprehensive understanding of inhibitory mechanisms of resorcinolic lipids and is beneficial for the future design of novel tyrosinase inhibitors.     

Granule structure and distribution of allomorphs in C-type high-amylose rice starch granule modified by antisense RNA inhibition of starch branching enzyme

C-type starch, which is a combination of both A-type and B-type crystal starch, is usually found in legumes and rhizomes. We have developed a high-amylose transgenic line of rice (TRS) by antisense RNA inhibition of starch branching enzymes. The starch in the endosperm of this TRS was identified as typical C-type crystalline starch, but its fine granular structure and allomorph distribution remained unclear. In this study, we conducted morphological and spectroscopic studies on this TRS starch during acid hydrolysis to determine the distribution of A- and B-type allomorphs. The morphology of starch granules after various durations of acid hydrolysis was compared by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that amorphous regions were located at the center part of TRS starch subgranules. During acid hydrolysis, starch was degraded from the interior of the subgranule to the outer surface, while the peripheral part of the subgranules and the surrounding band of the starch granule were highly resistant to acid hydrolysis. The spectroscopic changes detected by X-ray powder diffraction, 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning NMR, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared showed that the A-type allomorph was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the B-type, and that the X-ray diffraction profile gradually changed from a native C-type to a CB-type with increasing hydrolysis time. Our results showed that, in TRS starch, the A-type allomorph was located around the amorphous region, and was surrounded by the B-type allomorph located in the peripheral region of the subgranules and the surrounding band of the starch granule. Thus, the positions of A- and B-type allomorphs in the TRS C-type starch granule differ markedly from those in C-type legume and rhizome starch.     

反应温度和时间对分光光度法测定乳粉中左旋肉碱的影响

采用分光光度法测定乳粉中左旋肉碱的含量,从温度和时间对反应的影响进行分析研究,确立了最佳反应温度为24℃,最佳反应时间为加入5,5＇-二硫双（2-硝基苯甲酸）和乙酰辅酶A反应6 min后归零,再加入乙酰肉碱转移酶反应6 min。此条件下该方法的回收率为98.3%～99.7%。     

对湖南农业文献信息开发利用的建议

针对本世纪末湖南初步建成农业强省的需要,对开发利用湖南农业文献信息资源,提出了六点建议.     

农民分化对城乡二元结构变迁趋势的影响

中国社会改革进程日渐深入,各种社会问题也日渐突出,在目前社会剧烈变迁的背景下,尤以城市化进程为各阶层所瞩目,而且中国改革的成功与否,城市化问题具有决定性的影响。笔者在中原地区进行一些社会调查时发现了一些现象,通过对其研究,产生了一些新的看法。本文在对中国传统农民文化的研究基础上,提出观点:农民对城乡二元结构的弥合。     

振动式深松中耕联合作业机的设计

研究设计了一种振动式深松中耕联合作业机,阐述了机具结构关系及工作原理;同时,介绍了主要部件的结构设计并对深松部件进行了有限元分析,该研究为蓄水保墒提供了可行的作业机具。     

文化传承与民族村镇本土化规划模式探讨——以山南地区泽当镇民族路集镇设计为例

通过对藏族建筑文化及传承机制的分析,以西藏山南地区泽当镇民族路集镇设计为例,从藏族文化结构体系、设计原则、设计构想等方面,探讨了民族村镇本土化规划设计的模式与路径.     

大黄蒽醌提取物对罗氏沼虾抗鳗弧菌感染的研究

将罗氏沼虾随机分成5组,每组三个平行,每个平行约1000尾(个体均重1g左右),第1组为对照组,投喂基础日粮,另外4组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%大黄蒽醌提取物,饲养6周后对罗氏沼虾进行鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)感染.测定生长以及0、12、24、48h血清和肝胰腺溶菌酶、丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能(T-AOC)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标.生长试验表明,与对照组相比,0.1%组、0.4%组罗氏沼虾的增重率、特定生长率显著提高,饵料系数显著降低.攻毒试验Ⅰ表明,各组48h内罗氏沼虾血清溶菌酶活性、肝胰腺溶菌酶含量、血清T-AOC均呈先升高后降低趋势,其中它们的最大值分别出现于0.4%组的12h、0.2%组24h、0.1%组12h;肝胰腺SOD活力呈上升趋势,而血清MDA则一直下降.攻毒试验Ⅱ表明,大黄蒽醌提取物能有效地降低试验组罗氏沼虾的死亡率,提高免疫保护率,其中0.4%组的保护效果为最佳.因此,在饲料中添加大黄蒽醌提取物降低罗氏沼虾对病原的敏感性,增强机体抗病力,促进生长.     

不同蛋氨酸水平对5～10周龄扬州鹅生长性能及氮平衡的影响

本试验旨在研究不同蛋氨酸水平对5～10周龄扬州鹅生长性能及氮平衡的影响.选用28日龄扬州鹅150只,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,试验采用单因子有重复设计,日粮蛋氨酸水平分别为0.23%、0.33%、0.43%、0.53%、0.63%.结果表明(1)0.43%蛋氨酸水平试验组鹅料重比显著低于0.23%组(P＜0.05),日增重最大;(2)0.43%、0.53%蛋氨酸水平试验组鹅氮排泄量极显著低于0.23%组(P＜0.01),0.43%蛋氨酸水平试验组鹅氮存留率极显著高于0.23%组(P＜0.01),显著高于0.63%组(P＜0.05),0.33%、0.53%蛋氨酸水平试验组鹅氮存留率显著高于0.23%组(P＜0.05).综上所述,当5～10周龄扬州鹅日粮CP水平为16.69%时,如以饲料转化率和氮存留率为指标,建议适宜蛋氨酸水平为0.43%.