马铃薯立枯丝核菌生物学特性研究

采用生长速率法研究了黑龙江省马铃薯立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)菌丝生长的条件。结果表明病菌菌丝在10~35℃均能生长,适宜温度是25~30℃,30℃菌丝生长最快。在pH为3~12的范围内病菌菌丝均能生长,以pH 5~7菌丝生长速度较快。黑暗对菌丝生长有促进作用,光照可促进菌核的形成。不同碳源、氮源对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的影响均较明显,可溶性淀粉和酵母粉对菌丝生长有显著的促进作用。立枯丝核菌菌丝体及菌核的致死温度分别为49℃和51℃。明确了黑龙江省马铃薯立枯丝核菌生长的环境条件,可为病害防治提供理论依据。     

指数选择法在长绒棉高产育种实践中的应用

利用2006-2010年间新疆自治区(南疆)的长绒棉区域试验数据,采用分析软件SPSS 13.0对长绒棉产量及产量构成因素进行相关分析,建立不同产量指数模型,在此基础上,确定评价长绒棉产量的最佳指数模型。结果表明,皮棉产量与3个复合因素ABC、AB1/2C2、A1/2BC2指数模型均表现正相关,其中AB1/2C2模型的产量指数与皮棉产量间的相关程度高且试验间表现比较稳定。认为AB1/2C2高产指数模型能综合考虑3个产量构成因素间的协调关系,即高衣分、铃重适中、结铃性较强,将其应用到长绒棉育种的材料决选中,可以提高棉花育种材料决选的准确性。     

抗病优质丰产海岛棉新海42号的选育及栽培技术要点

由新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所、新疆塔里木河种业股份有限公司联合协作选育的新海42号,在新疆长绒棉品种区域试验、生产试验中,皮棉产量分别较对照新海28增产13.11%和4.38%,纤维品质优良,高抗枯萎病,耐黄萎病。本文概述该品种选育背景和过程,总结其农艺性状、产量、纤维品质、抗病性等表现以及栽培技术要点。     

Dietary habits of grazers influence their suitability as biological controls of fouling macroalgae in ex situ mariculture

The dietary habits of the sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides and the gastropod Trochus maculatus in ex situ mariculture were examined. Fouling algal assemblages on terracotta tiles were exposed to the grazers and compared. Except for Day 0, the assemblages on Days 2, 13 and 27 differed significantly across treatments. S. sphaeroides rapidly consumed most algae, leaving an assemblage dominated by turf algae and bare tile. T. maculatus primarily fed on green filamentous algae, resulting in an even distribution of other algal functional groups, while control tiles were dominated by green filamentous algae. Using three representative fouling algae species (Bryopsis corymbosa, Hypnea spinella and Lobophora variegata), the consumption rates of both grazers and dietary preferences of S. sphaeroides were examined through a single‐diet and a choice experiment respectively. The single‐diet experiment revealed differential algal consumption rates for S. sphaeroides (H. spinella = B. corymbosa > L. variegata) and T. maculatus (B. corymbosa > H. spinella = L. variegata). The choice experiment showed that S. sphaeroides preferred H. spinella over the other two species. These experiments highlighted the importance of understanding the dietary habits of grazers as this has direct implications on their effectiveness as biological controls of fouling macroalgae in mariculture.     

近红外光谱法测定玉米秸秆饲用品质

为了对玉米秸秆的饲用品质进行可靠、便捷、快速的分析和评价,该研究以不同品种、密度、氮肥和水分处理的不同发育时期和不同部位玉米秸秆为试验材料,应用近红外光谱（NIRS）技术和偏最小二乘法（PLS）,采用一阶导数+中心化+多元散射校正的光谱数据预处理方法,构建了玉米秸秆体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF） 和可溶性糖（WSC）含量的NIRS分析模型。所建立的IVDMD、ADF、NDF和WSC含量的NIRS校正模型决定系数（R2cal）分别为0.9906、0.9870、0.9931和0.9802,交叉验证决定系数（R2cv）分别为0.9593、0.9413 、0.9678和0.9342,外部验证决定系数（R2val）分别为0.9549、0.9353、0.9519和0.9191,各项标准差（SEC、SECV和SEP）为0.935～1.904,相对分析误差（RPD）均大于3。结果表明,各参数的NIRS分析模型可用于玉米秸秆饲用品质的分析和品种选育的快速鉴定。     

山西省生态退耕问题研究及实施建议

根据山西省生态环境和生态退耕的现状,分析了实施生态退耕建设的重要性,并结合山西省的具体情况提出了10大建议.     

马铃薯原种高产高效繁育技术方案的筛选

采用L9(34)正交设计试验,研究了马铃薯原种繁育中培土、密度及追肥对原种产量和效益的影响。结果表明:密度和追肥是影响原种产量的主效因子,培土1次、每公顷种植微型薯75000穴、每公顷追施尿素300 kg为最佳繁育技术方案,可实现每公顷产鲜薯35805 kg,效益54697.5元。     

马铃薯复种蔬菜高产高效栽培技术及经济效益分析

马铃薯产业是天水市的优势产业,推广早熟马铃薯复种蔬菜的栽培模式,可以有效提高土地利用率,是增加单位面积效益的有效措施。天水河谷川道区早熟马铃薯复种大葱或蒜苗的栽培技术,具有产量水平高,经济效益好的特点,推广应用前景十分广阔。     

Selection for verticillium wilt resistance in potato breeding populations derived from four cross types

Verticillium wilt (VW) is one of the important yield-limiting diseases for potato production. To develop resistant clones, the potential for early generation selection was studied using three basic selection methods, individual, family, and within family selection, for two clonal generations. A total of 152 clones were derived from four cross types (2x × 2x, 2x × 4x, 4x × 2x and 4x × 4x). Clones were evaluated for maturity, symptom expression, yield and stem colonization in replicated trials. Heritability and selection response for the traits were estimated for each selection method. Direct selection in the second clonal generation and individual selection showed more gain than that from other methods. Both 2x × 2x and 4x × 2x families were higher yielding and had lower stem colonization scores than 2x × 4x and 4x × 4x crosses. Therefore, 2x × 2x or 4x × 2x crosses between carefully chosen parents with high yield and VW resistance may produce offspring with superior performance.