开展农林工程注册监理工程师继续教育培训的若干思考

随着林业建设的不断发展,林业各领域对农林工程注册监理工程师的需求量逐年增加,切实提高农林工程监理队伍的文化素养和业务能力显得尤为必要.针对当前农林工程注册监理工程师继续教育培训中存在的学习态度不端正、工学矛盾突出、培训手段单一、培训内容针对性不强等问题,建议以现代培训理念为指导,加强培训需求调研,因材施教,加强师资库、教材库、案例库“三库”建设,提升教学质量.     

兴办“森林医院”产业的建议

森林中富足的负氧离子(O3-)和"芬多精"具有治疗多种疾病的功能,还有其丰富的绿色食品和山泉水也有治病强身功效。因此,兴办"森林医院"可以以纯自然物质治病,具有不吃药、不打针、无痛苦、效果好的特点。黑龙江省森工林区具备自然环境优越、交通条件便利、旅游业发达、院址选定有基础等优越的办院条件,兴办"森林医院"的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益前景可观。     

统筹城乡背景下农机社会化服务的现状与实践—以成渝经济区为例

农机社会化服务是推动农业机械化发展的有效方式,新时期成渝经济区在统筹城乡社会经济发展背景下农机社会化服务正在进行着多元化的实践。为此,通过实证研究,分析了成渝经济区农机社会化服务的现状及作用,探讨了农机社会化服务与统筹城乡发展二者之间双向互动支撑的发展态势。同时,提出了促进成渝经济区农机社会化服务的针对性建议。     

Evaluation of the colonization capabilities of Salmonella Enteritidis in Quails using an RT-PCR approach

We used a real-time PCR assay and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay to detect genomic DNA of Salmonella Enteritidis in the internal organs of quails after an oral challenge. The results showed that S. Enteritidis was detected in all the samples at different time points. This study will assist a future understanding of the pathogenesis of S. Enteritidis.     

对云杉容器苗造林试验有关问题的探讨

从试验区选择、作业方式和观测分析与结论等3方面,介绍了在黑龙江省金山屯林业局进行的云杉容器苗造林试验情况。结果表明:云杉容器苗的成活率、保存率、高生长分别比云杉常规苗的成活率、保存率、高生长提高11%、16.3%和2cm,在造林成本上前者比后者要高63%。通过综合分析得到结论,云杉容器苗造林可以大面积推广。     

牦牛StAR基因克隆及其生物信息学与组织表达特性的研究

旨在克隆获得牦牛StAR基因编码序列（CDS）并进行生物信息学分析,探究其mRNA组织表达特性。本研究以屠宰场采集的成年母牦牛心、肝、脾、肺、肾、卵巢、输卵管、子宫组织（n=5）,不同年龄（胎牛、1岁、2岁）牦牛的卵巢（n=3）,不同发情周期（卵泡期、黄体期）的牦牛卵巢（n=3）,黄体期黄牛的卵巢（n=3）及实验室冻存的牦牛颗粒细胞为研究材料。以牦牛黄体期卵巢cDNA为模板,用逆转录PCR克隆StAR基因,并使用MEGA7.0和ExPASy-ProtParam等软件分析其生物信息学特性;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析牦牛StAR基因组织表达特性。结果发现,StAR基因CDS区长858 bp,编码285个氨基酸,StAR蛋白总体带正电荷,属于碱性亲水稳定蛋白,无跨膜结构及信号肽,主要存在于细胞质和线粒体; StAR基因具有较高的保守性,符合物种进化规律。牦牛StAR基因在卵巢表达水平最高（P<0.01）,且2岁时卵巢表达水平极显著高于胎牛和1岁龄（P<0.01）,黄体期卵巢表达水平极显著高于卵泡期（P<0.01）;黄体期黄牛卵巢中StAR基因的表达量极显著高于牦牛（P<0.01）;在颗粒细胞的体外培养过程中StAR基因表达量逐渐上升,在培养24 h时达到高峰（P<0.01）,随后显著降低。综上所述,StAR基因序列较为保守,在牦牛卵巢组织中表达最高,且表达水平随年龄与卵巢周期而变化,提示StAR基因可能参与牦牛卵巢及黄体功能相关的繁殖调控。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.