Milk yield, age at first calving, and the risk of BSE: an analysis at the farm level in France

The epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in France, as in the UK, has affected dairy cattle much more than beef cattle. However, the intensification of dairy herd management as a risk factor for BSE has not to date been analyzed. For this purpose, two databases were merged: the French Milk Records database, and the French BSE database, which can be considered as being devoid of notification bias since July 2001, when systematic tests were implemented. Only pure Holstein herds were considered, which represent the vast majority of total and BSE-affected dairy herds in France. A case-control study was designed so that 20 control herds were matched to each case herd according to the location of the farm and the year of birth of the index case. Three thousand and forty five farms were included, among which 145 with a BSE case notified between July 2001 and July 2003, and 2900 controls. With respect to the risk of BSE, odds ratios for each class of milk yield and age at first calving were estimated by using conditional logistic regression models with appropriate adjustments to herd size. The two main results were the following: firstly, whereas most Holstein herds, with average production between 7000 and 10,000kg, had nearly the same BSE risk, a small category of very intensive herds, with annual milk yields above 10,000kg, were significantly more at risk than the other herds. Secondly, a very early first calving (under 26 months of age) was found to be at risk for BSE as compared to other categories, independently of the milk yield. These results are discussed in the light of the known age-dependent susceptibility to BSE.     

水分亏缺对覆膜玉米生长发育及产量的影响

通过系统的覆膜玉米亏水灌溉试验 ,研究了不同生育期内不同程度的水分亏缺对覆膜玉米生长发育、光合作用、产量及水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明 ,拔节期受旱对玉米株高及叶面积指数影响最大 ,抽雄后的水分亏缺对玉米生长发育影响不明显。各处理产量资料表明 ,覆膜春玉米的需水临界期为抽雄开花期 ,此期轻度的水分亏缺可造成产量大幅度下降 :灌浆期较抽雄开花期玉米产量对水分亏缺敏感程度低 ,但在这个阶段的水分亏缺也可使玉米减产 ;拔节期玉米产量对水分胁迫敏感程度较差 ,该阶段为对玉米进行水分亏缺处理的适宜时期     

春小麦高产叶龄模式的研究

本研究根据春小麦的叶龄进程，对水、肥、密等影响产量的主要因素进行优化组合，提出了旨在提高春小麦的产量及获得最佳效益的高产模式，为指导我国北方春小麦的生产提供了科学依据。     

Effects of naringenin on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM To observe the effect of naringenin on cardiac injury in ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） rats, and to explore whether the role of naringenin is involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways. METHODS SD rats （n=48） were randomly divided into sham operation （sham） group, model （I/R） group, naringenin treatment （NAR） group and naringenin+LY294002 （NL） group. Myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of rats for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. After reperfusion, the serum levels of cardiac troponin I （cTnI） was measured by ELISA. HE staining, TTC staining and TUNEL staining were used to detect the myocardial histopathological changes, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate. The mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related indicators glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） and caspase-12 were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12, p-PI3K and p-AKT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with I/R group, the serum content of cTnI, myocardial pathological damage, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased （P<0.05）, and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT were increased in NAR group （P<0.05）. LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of naringenin to some extent. CONCLUSION Naringenin reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats possibly by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequently regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways.     

水产品进出口贸易对渔业经济增长的影响——基于沿海地区的面板数据实证分析

随着沿海地区经济的不断发展,沿海地区渔业和水产品进出口贸易的发展取得了巨大的成就。以我国沿海地区11个省市2003—2007年的水产品进出口贸易额、固定资产投资额、渔业劳动力和渔业经济产值数据为样本,采用出口扩展型生产函数模型,运用面板数据进行实证分析。实证结果表明:沿海地区各省市水产品出口、进口都对渔业经济增长有正向的拉动作用,且拉动作用的趋势相同。     

家猫超数排卵的研究

用促卵泡激素(FSH),孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)建立家猫有效的超数排卵方法。FSH与PMSG的超排效果相比,前者明显优于后者。FSH 50单位/只的超排效果最好,最多者可达23个胚胎。胚胎回收率为68.18％。受精后前4天在输卵管可收集到1—、2—和4—细胞胚胎,第5天以后可在于宫收集到8—、16—细胞胚胎,第6天开始收集到桑椹胚。     

吉林省向日葵菌核病综合防治措施研究及大面积应用效果

在重茬4年的重病地块晚播(5月20日—25日)向日葵,其花腐型菌核病比正常播期(4月25日)减少90％以上,而产量提高13％—30％。在农村扩大示范,晚播(5月19日)减少病害59％—75％,产量提高35％。在盛花期—成熟期喷2—3次50％速克灵500倍液可大大减轻花腐型菌核病的发生(防治效果65.9％—92.3％)。经筛选以速克灵(0.5％)拌种防治根腐型菌核病效果最好,在温室中对土壤和种子中的病菌防治效果达83％以上,小区试验和农村示范防治效果达55.8％—100％。土壤中增施钾肥可提高植株抗病力,减轻发病。1990年在吉林省农安、长岭2县8533ha采用晚播、轮作2年以上、种子处理、增施钾肥、盛花期—成熟期喷药的一套综合防治措施,重点调查10块对比田,花腐型菌核病平均防治效果为87.62％(63.38％—100％),对根腐型菌核病防治效果平均为66.77％(50.0％—82.57％)。1991年在长岭、农安等6个主产区推广6.37万ha,重点调查134块对比田,花腐型菌核病防治效果平均为75.86％(46.37％—100％),根腐型菌核病平均防治效果为65.11％(33.33％—100％),增产增收显著。     

斯氏线虫在进境原木害虫检疫处理上的应用前景

本文综述了我国进境原木上截获的主要害虫类群；总结了目前进境原木害虫的检疫处理技术；重点介绍了斯氏线虫Steinernema sp．对钻蛀性害虫的防治研究，探讨了斯氏线虫在进境原木害虫检疫处理上的应用前景，提出了应用斯氏线虫防治进境原木害虫所存在的问题及今后的研究方向。