农业科研机构知识库建设需求与策略研究

机构知识库作为开放获取的途径之一,在国内外正迅速建设发展。文章基于某农业科研机构科研和管理人员对机构知识库的总体认知、建设需求与参与意愿调研,从资源建设、技术保障、服务拓展和共建共享等方面提出适合农业科研机构的机构知识库建设策略与建议,以期为农业科研机构知识库的规划建设和推广使用提供参考依据。     

2+1维非线性KDV方程组的单行波解分类

应用多项式的完全判别系统,以分类的形式给出2+1维非线性KDV方程组的单行波解,这个方法能够获得方程组的全部精确解,其中一部分是新解。同时通过赋予方程中参数具体数值,构造出单行波解的具体结构和波形图。     

海南省4个历史疫情市县猪链球菌Ⅱ型血清学抽样检测

为了解海南省历史疫区猪链球菌Ⅱ型的流行及分布情况,选择东方、文昌、儋州及白沙4个历史疫情市县,针对中小规模养殖场及散养户开展了血清学调查和生物安全问卷调查。本次调查共涉及4个市县的29个养殖场点,包含中小规模场9个、散养户20个;共检测猪血清样品307份,检出阳性95份,个体阳性检出率为30.94%(95/307),检出阳性场点17个,群体阳性检出率为58.62%(17/29)。4个市县中,群体阳性检出率介于28.57%～85.71%,个体阳性检出率介于4.00%～84.15%,不同市县间差异均显著(P 0.05);不同场点中,中小规模场的群体阳性检出率(77.78%)高于散养户(50.00%),但个体阳性检出率(28.29%)低于散养户(36.27%),差异均显著(P 0.05)。被调查养殖场户的生物安全状况不佳,35.7%的场点人员随意进出,仅21.4%的场点设有车辆出入消毒设施,定期组织培训的场点仅占21.4%。结果表明,海南省历史疫情市县的猪链球菌Ⅱ型污染面广,防控效果不理想,疫情传播风险较高,尤其是疫情多发地区和散养户。建议政府主管部门加大防控力度,加强养殖人员技术培训和指导,提升养殖场点生物安全水平,减少疫情发生。本调查为今后海南省猪链球菌病防控提出了可行性指导意见。     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

纵轴流式小区小麦育种联合收获机原理方案设计

为获得一种适宜我国现代农业推广与发展的小区小麦育种机械设计方案,运用现代设计理论对拟研发的小区小麦育种联合收获机进行原理方案设计。从系统的功能出发,通过形态学矩阵法确定收获机的4个优设计方案,并依据定性与定量分析结果选定了最佳设计方案。     

离心泵叶轮出口宽度对泵腔内压力脉动分布的影响

在试验和数值模拟相互验证的基础上,开展叶轮出口宽度对离心泵泵腔内压力脉动分布影响的研究．通过试验和数值计算获得离心泵的外特性、泵腔内静压分布、泵腔内压力脉动分布及泵体表面的压力脉动幅值分布,并进行对比分析,结果表明：前泵腔内静压和压力脉动幅值随出口宽度的增大而增大,随半径的减小而增大;后泵腔内静压和压力脉动随出口宽度和半径的变化不十分明显．综合考虑外特性和压力脉动,在比转数 ns ＝97时叶轮出口宽度与叶轮出口直径之比应小于0.06;为了使压力脉动在泵腔内有效地衰减,出口宽度与前腔间隙的比值在1.81附近时最佳．研究结果可用于指导离心泵叶轮的优化设计．     

农田平地机激光发射平台调平控制系统设计

为使农田平地机双源激光定位系统的激光发射平台检测数据更精确、调平实时性更好,设计了激光发射平台自动调平控制系统。该系统采用三脚支撑的平台支撑方式,利用倾角传感器检测平台的倾斜度,通过步进电机驱动平台3条支腿伸缩从而实现平台调平。通过加入倾角传感器数据处理算法和基于RBF神经网络的智能PID控制算法,激光发射平台检测的数据更精确,能满足双激光源定位系统的要求,使农田平地机平地作业更精确。     

The effect of lactic acid bacterial starter culture and chemical additives on wilted rice straw silage

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are suitable for rice straw silage fermentation, but have been studied rarely, and rice straw as raw material for ensiling is difficult because of its disadvantages, such as low nutrition for microbial activities and low abundances of natural populations of LAB. So we investigated the effect of application of LAB and chemical additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of wilted rice straw silage. Treatment with chemical additives increased the concentrations of crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), acetic acid and lactic acid, reduced the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but did not effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage organisms. Inoculation with LABs did not improve the nutritional value of the silage because of poor growth of LABs in wilted rice straw. Inoculation with LAB and addition of chemical materials improved the quality of silage similar to the effects of addition of chemical materials alone. Growth of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria was inhibited by this mixed treatment and the LAB gradually dominated the microbial community. In summary, the fermentation quality of wilted rice straw silage had improved by addition of LAB and chemical materials.