不同施氮水平对膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累和养分吸收规律的影响

[目的]研究膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累和养分吸收规律.[方法]在大田栽培条件下,以T-04为研究材料,采用logistic方程回归分析的方法,研究膜下滴灌水稻干物质及养分积累规律.[结果]膜下滴灌水稻干物质及氮、磷、钾的快速积累时间分别在出苗后66.7 ～99.5、56.0 ～88.1、68.9～105.2和61.6 ～95.6 d,且随施氮量的增加,干物质和氮磷钾的最大积累潜力及最大积累速率逐渐增加,快速积累时间逐渐减少.在干物质积累和养分吸收快速积累规律上表现出,快速积累开始时间依次为氮、钾、干物质,磷最晚,快速积累结束时间呈同样规律.施氮量390 kg/hm2具有最大干物质和氮磷钾积累潜力,过量施氮无助于膜下滴灌水稻的生长和养分吸收.[结论]与淹灌相比,水稻膜下滴灌栽培模式干物质及氮、磷、钾的最大积累速率显著高于淹灌处理,且干物质及氮素快速积累持续时间小于常规淹灌处理,而磷、钾无显著差异.     

日本冲绳本岛临海民居风景防护林的构建及对中国新民居建设的启示

为加快推进中国农村新民居建设,完善相关配套建设措施,笔者借鉴日本在防灾减灾理论和方法方面处于世界前列,以法律的形式保证规划先行的经验,通过对冲绳本岛相关历史资料分析、民意调查和实地调查,以及福木起源的追溯,福木数量和防护林密度的测算等,论证了福木风景防护林映衬红瓦木造建筑为冲绳典型集落（即村庄、村落）特征。风景防护林的构建源自于村民抵御自然灾害的本能和政府保一方平安的责任意识,最后发展为保护村民生活环境、保障社会安定的基础。同时防护林使冲绳自然环境更显生态美观,促进了旅游业的兴旺,旅游已成为冲绳的支柱产业。     

济南市紫花苜蓿害虫和天敌种类及其发生动态的研究

为了控制紫花苜蓿害虫的危害,提高紫花苜蓿的产量和质量。2011年5-8月,本研究系统调查了济南唐王紫花苜蓿害虫和天敌昆虫的种类,分析了主要害虫及天敌的发生动态。结果表明：紫花苜蓿昆虫种类繁多,共7目14科32种,其中主要害虫有蚜虫、蓟马、叶蝉、盲蝽,主要天敌有草蛉、瓢甲、食蚜蝇等。蚜虫5-6月份危害严重,7-8月份少量发生;蓟马在紫花苜蓿的整个生长季节均有发生;叶蝉和盲蝽的发生有2个高峰期,分别在6月中旬和7月中旬。本研究为控制紫花苜蓿害虫提供直接、客观依据。     

6个葡萄品种（系）抗旱性比较研究

比较6个主栽或杂交育种常用品种（系）的抗旱性差异,为旱区葡萄栽培品种和抗旱育种亲本选择提供依据。在干旱胁迫下,测定各植株生长量、旱害、叶片水势、电导率及胁迫后根系状况,研究各品种（系）间的抗旱性强弱。结果表明,严重胁迫下,‘弗雷无核’和‘无核白鸡心’生长受重创,旱害严重,电导率变化大,根系生长不良,个别干枯;‘温宿红葡萄’、‘新郁’、‘无核白’表现相对较好,‘SP522’次之。‘温宿红葡萄’、‘新郁’、‘无核白’抗旱性强,‘SP522’次之,‘无核白鸡心’和‘弗雷无核’弱。     

阿克苏市3种绿化乔木树干液流日变化特征

为了测算园林树木的蒸腾耗水量,应用热脉冲技术对阿克苏市3种常见绿化乔木(小叶白蜡、法国梧桐、桑树)进行树干液流的测定,并分析其日变化规律,同时运用自动气象站记录各气象参数数据,分析树干液流日变化与气象因子之间的相关性。结果显示：3种乔木树干液流速率之间有一定的差异,但其日变化过程几乎相似,均有明显的昼夜变化规律。白天的液流速率比夜间大,午间由于太阳辐射( Rs)过强出现午休现象,凌晨和晚上树干液流速率较低,夜间保持微弱的树干液流过程。小叶白蜡、法国梧桐、桑树等树干液流日变化都与太阳辐射、空气温度( Ta)、风速( Ws)呈显著正相关,而与空气湿度( H)呈显著负相关;逐步回归模型显示,影响小叶白蜡树干液流的主要气象因子是太阳辐射和空气湿度,模型拟合度为0.962,法国梧桐的是空气温度和空气湿度,拟合度为0.971,桑树的是空气温度和太阳辐射,拟合度为0.915。不同乔木的日累计液流量大小排序为小叶白蜡(57000±2400) mL﹥法国梧桐(55400±2100) mL﹥桑树(7600±1800)mL。     

牛羊疾病的消化系统检查

消化系统疾病,不论在牛、大羊或羔羊中都是发病率比较高的,此外,许多传染病、寄生虫病以及中毒等,也都在消化器官表现明显的变化,因此,消化系统的检查有着特别重要的意义。     

黑龙江省规模化生态养猪场典型示范技术总结

为深入落实<黑龙江省五千万头生猪规模化养殖战略工程规划>,促进黑龙江省生态养猪法的推广应用,提高生猪规模化、标准化养殖水平,解决畜禽排泄物污染环境问题,增加农民收入,加快新农村建设步伐,黑龙江省畜牧兽医局于2009年5月份将黑龙江省畜牧研究所定为生态养猪典型示范单位,主要负责商品育肥猪的饲养试验,共进行2个阶段的试验...     

致作者

?A g r i c u l t u r a l B i o t e c h n o l o g y?(中文译名《农业生物技术》)是由美国国会图书馆主管,美国Wu Chu(USA-China)Science and Culture Media Corporation?中文译名:吴楚(美中)科技文化传媒公司】主办的全英文期刊,ISSN刊号:2164-4993,暂为双月刊,刊物内容包括与农业科学相关的植物、动物、微生物及林业、海洋等学科在组织、器官、细胞、染色体、蛋白质、基因、酶、发酵工程等不同水平上的农业     

Phosphorus accumulation and leaching risk of greenhouse vegetable soils in Southeast China

Over-fertilization has caused significant phosphorus(P) accumulation in Chinese greenhouse vegetable production(GVP) soils. This study, for the first time, quantified profile P accumulation directly from soil P measurements, as well as subsoil P immobilization, in three alkaline coarse-textured GVP soil profiles with 5(S5), 15(S15), and 30(S30) years of cultivation in Tongshan, Southeast China. For each profile, soil samples were collected at depths of 0–10(topsoil), 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm. Phosphorus accumulation was estimated from the difference in P contents between topsoil and parent material(60–100 cm subsoil). Phosphorus mobility was assessed from measurements of water-soluble P concentration(PSol). Finally, P sorption isotherms were produced using a batch sorption experiment and fitted using a modified Langmuir model. High total P contents of 1 980(S5), 3 190(S15), and 2 330(S30) mg kg~(-1) were measured in the topsoils versus lower total P content of approximately 600 mg kg~(-1) in the 80–100 cm subsoils. Likewise, topsoil PSol values were very high, varying from 6.4 to 17.0 mg L~(-1). The estimated annual P accumulations in the topsoils were 397(S5), 212(S15), and 78(S30) kg ha~(-1) year~(-1). Sorption isotherms demonstrated the dominance of P desorption in highly P-saturated topsoils, whereas the amount of adsorbed P increased in the 80–100 cm subsoils with slightly larger P adsorption capacity. The total P adsorption capacity of the 80–100 cm subsoils at a solution P concentration of0.5 mg L~(-1) was 15.7(S5), 8.7(S15), and 6.5(S30) kg ha~(-1), demonstrating that subsoils were unable to secure P concentrations in leaching water below 0.5 mg L~(-1) because of their insufficient P-binding capacity.     

Rising utilization of stable isotopes in tree rings for climate change and forest ecology

Analyses of stable isotopes(C, O, H) in tree rings are increasingly important cross-disciplinary programs. The rapid development in this field documented in an increasing number of publications requires a comprehensive review. This study includes a bibliometric analysis-based review to better understand research trends in tree ring stable isotope research. Overall, 1475 publications were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection for 1974–2023.The findings are that:(1) numbers of annual pu...