灰绿碱蓬多糖脱蛋白工艺研究

蛋白本身具有热敏感性,糖蛋白复合物在脱除蛋白质以后,多糖自身的生物活性会明显增加。本文测定了灰绿碱蓬根、茎、叶的基本营养成分,采用水提醇沉法提取了灰绿碱蓬多糖,并优化了多糖脱蛋白工艺比较了Savage法、(NH4)SO4沉淀法、TCA法和酶-Savage法这4种方法的脱蛋白效果。结果显示,灰绿碱蓬多糖的最佳脱蛋白方式为酶-Savage法,酶添加量为7%,Savage溶液处理一次,此条件下脱蛋白效果和多糖保留率均最好,蛋白质脱除率为80.71%,多糖保留率为67.27%。     

川东南浅丘区夏玉米生产现状与发展建议

四川是油菜第一大省,川东南浅丘区是四川油菜主产区,接茬油菜的夏玉米生产对于粮食安全战略具有重要作用。通过分析川东南浅丘区夏玉米生产现状,对该地区今后油菜—玉米轮作模式进行夏玉米生产提出一些建议。     

Notch1 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in renal tissues of diabetic mice by inhibiting autophagy through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

AIM: To observe the changes of Notch1 expression and autophagy in the renal tissues of diabetic mice, and to explore the regulatory effect of Notch1 on tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting autophagy in diabetic nephro-pathy. METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into normal control group (db/m mice) and diabetes group (db/db mice), with 8 rats in each group. After 12 weeks of feeding, the mice were sacrificed and the corresponding biochemical indexes were measured. The protein expression of Notch1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of Notch1, PTEN, p-Akt (Thr308), Akt, p-mTOR (Ser2448), mTOR, LC3, P62, collagen type Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and collagen type Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the db/m mice, the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, triglyceride and total cholesterol were increased in the db/db mice (P<0.01). Renal tubular epithelial cell vacuolar degeneration, renal tubular expansion and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration in db/db mouse renal tissues with HE staining were observed. The images of Masson staining showed collagenous fiber-like substance deposition in the glomerular capillaries and renal interstitium, and disarrangement of tubular structure in the renal tissues of db/db mice. The protein expression levels of PTEN and LC3-Ⅱ were decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), while the protein levels of Notch1, P62, p-mTOR (Ser2448), p-Akt (Thr308), Col-I and Col-III were increased in the db/db mice as compared with the db/m mice (P<0.01). However, no significant change of total mTOR and Akt proteins between the 2 groups was found. CONCLUSION: Notch1 protein expression was increased, PTEN expression was significantly reduced, Akt/mTOR pathway was activated, autophagy was inhibited, and fibrosis was aggravated in the renal tissues of the diabetic mice.     

Effect of beclin-1 gene silencing on TuAKe-injured gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells

AIM: To observe the effect of beclin-1 silencing by the technique of RNA interference on the injury of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell by Sheliugu extract (the extract from tuber of Amorphophallus konjac, TuAKe). METHODS: To knock down the expression of beclin-1 gene, SGC-7901 cells were transfected with lentiviral vector carrying beclin-1-shRNA. The beclin-1 gene knock-down and non-knock-down SGC-7901 cells were treated with TuAKe. The cell viability was analyzed by CKK-8 assay. The percentages of apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of beclin-1 and LC3 was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The beclin-1 gene silencing decreased the protein expression of beclin-1 and increased the protein expression of LC3 in the SGC-7901 cells, leading to the decrease in cell viability and the increase in apoptotic rate (P<0.05). TuAKe increased the protein expression of beclin-1 and LC3 in the SGC-7901 cells, and decreased the protein expression of LC3 in the SGC-7901 cells with beclin-1 gene silencing, thus inhibiting the cell viability and increasing the apoptotic rate (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Beclin-1 gene silencing inhibits the activation of beclin-1-related signaling pathway in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and aggravates the injury of cell viability induced by TuAKe.     

气吸式覆膜精量油菜播种机排种性能试验与优化设计

针对目前高寒地油菜播种机普遍存在的重播漏播率高、人工劳动强度大、生长期缺水等问题，研究设计了一种气吸式精量播种机，一次性完成膜上播种、施肥、滴水灌溉、覆膜。分析了播种机主要结构、工作原理，对其关键部件进行结构设计，以排种盘转速、气吸室负压、排种盘型孔直径为试验因素，利用软件优化分析获得合理参数组合。结果表明：播种机排种盘转速197 r·min^-1、气吸室负压2.5 kPa、排种盘型孔直径1.2 mm时，田间播种合格率为93%、重播率3%、漏播率1%，播种质量较好。田间试验表明上述参数组合下排种器工作性能满足油菜播种机工作性能要求，该研究为油菜精密播种机的研究和设计提供了理论和技术参数。     

智慧图书馆微观知识生态系统运行机理研究

伴随多元化时代的来临,用户的知识需求日益多元化、专业化,对图书馆服务提出了新的挑战。对智慧图书馆微观知识生态系统运行机理的研究,能够为新型知识服务提供理论基础,保障知识资源进行有效的优化整合,实现服务升级。文章在简要分析智慧图书馆微观知识生态系统四大要素的基础上,着重从社会发展、技术进步,知识富集、优化调整和需求驱动、服务升级三方面探讨其形成动因,重点分析智慧图书馆微观知识生态系统的生命周期,最后从合作、循环和保障三方面探讨其运行机理。     

黑龙江省农产品深加工产业发展现状与对策

黑龙江省的农产品加工体系已经初步形成，但农业发展主要依赖于“原”字号产品。阐述了黑龙省农产品深加工产业建设存在的问题，通过分析制约农产品深加工产业发展的主要原因，从优化种植结构、整合现有资源、拓宽农产品销路以及提高农产品附加值4个方面提出解决对策。旨在做强食品加工业，上调农产品利润空间，通过“大龙头、大链条、大产业、大品牌的高效农业全产业链”促进粗放农产品向高附加值产品的转变，努力实现从产粮大省到农业强省的新跨越。      

漆酶LAC表达与鸭梨果心褐变的关系

【目的】探究在不同成熟度和降温贮藏方式下,LAC表达模式与鸭梨果心褐变的关系,为进一步解析鸭梨果心褐变机制提供理论依据。【方法】以鸭梨作为材料,通过对不同成熟度（早采、中采和晚采）的鸭梨进行急速降温（急降）和缓慢降温（缓降）处理,观察贮藏期间鸭梨果心褐变情况,测定漆酶（Laccase,LAC）活性及其基因LAC的相对表达量,研究LAC在鸭梨果心褐变过程中的参与作用。【结果】冷藏60 d时,晚采鸭梨出现褐变,晚采缓降处理的鸭梨果心褐变指数为0.32,是同期急速降温处理的2.56倍;在贮藏90 d时,中采缓降处理的褐变指数是0.24,中采急降处理的褐变指数仅为0.01。各个处理组在贮藏期间LAC活性多数表现为先逐渐升高后下降的趋势,晚采的果实在贮藏60 d时出现活性高峰,褐变发生;早采和中采鸭梨LAC活性高峰均在90 d时出现,褐变程度低于晚采鸭梨。在贮藏期间,缓慢降温处理的LAC活性高于急速降温处理。鸭梨LAC14和LAC7表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,LAC6表现为先下降后上升再降低的变化趋势;中采、晚采鸭梨在贮藏60 d时,LAC14和LAC7表达量最高。【结论】与缓慢降温相比,急速降温处理减少了鸭梨果心褐变的发生。在整个贮藏期间,LAC活性呈先上升后下降然后又上升的趋势,其峰值时的活性高低次序为：晚采>中采>早采,这与果心褐变趋势一致;LAC在鸭梨果心褐变过程中上调表达。相比缓慢降温处理,急速降温处理具有较低的LAC7、LAC14和LAC6表达量。急速降温结合适时采收能够抑制LAC的上调表达,减少鸭梨果心褐变发生。     

植物免疫诱导剂在草莓中的应用情况

为了助力实现草莓的安全生产,对一类能诱导植物产生免疫防御反应的植物免疫诱导剂在草莓中的应用情况进行综述。主要阐述了植物免疫诱导剂的种类、诱导机理及其在草莓栽培上的应用现状,发现:植物免疫诱导剂能促进草莓生长和发育、诱导抗病性、提高产量、改善果实品质、提高耐贮性等,从而减少了化学农药的使用,有利于草莓高质量生产,应用前景广阔。     

耕作方式及秸秆还田对土壤性质、微生物碳源代谢及小麦产量的影响

以小麦品种济麦22为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,耕作方式为主区,分别设常规翻耕(C)、深松(S)、旋耕(R)处理,副区为秸秆还田量,分别设秸秆全还田(P)和秸秆不还田(A)处理,采用Biolog Eco技术测定土壤微生物碳源代谢功能,并分析土壤基本理化性质和作物产量。结果显示:深松与秸秆还田均有利于土壤含水量和有机碳含量的提高,0～15 cm土层分别提高了9.78%和24.00%,15～30 cm土层分别提高了7.08%和15.81%;深松提高了15～30 cm土层的pH值6.67%,秸秆还田提高了0～15 cm土层的pH值4.32%。深松和秸秆还田均有利于代谢多样性(丰富度指数、香浓多样性指数)、碳源代谢强度的提高,0～15 cm土层分别提高了26.84%、3.84%和38.02%,15～30 cm土层分别提高了11.87%、 3.63%和14.74%。主成分分析表明常规翻耕秸秆不还田和旋耕耕作秸秆不还田碳源代谢功能相近,15～30 cm层次内常规翻耕秸秆全还田碳源代谢功能和深松耕作秸秆全还田处理相近。深松和秸秆还田平均提高了小麦产量5.82%,微生物碳源代谢功能与小麦产量具有极显著的相关性。