河套灌区控制排水对油葵生长与养分利用的影响

为系统地从土壤水分、盐分、养分和油葵生长的变化来揭示不同排水方式的调控效应,设置4个处理,生育期暗管控制排水深度分别为40cm（K1）、70cm（K2）、100cm（K3）,春灌排水深度均为100cm,选择明沟排水（深度150cm）作为对照处理（CK）,开展了田间试验。结果表明：K1处理自油葵开花期到收获1m土层平均储水量比K2、K3处理提高了0.01%~4.53%,为作物生长后期提供了有效的水分。K1处理稳定了土壤水消耗的速率,削弱了水平方向土壤水分的消耗差异。春灌后K1、K2、K3处理平均脱盐率分别为49.02%、50.43%、49.70%,处理间无显著差异,而明沟排水仅为35.52%。暗管排水处理暗管中间点与暗管上土壤盐分淋洗率相差7.1~8.2个百分点,处理间无显著差异。CK处理盐分淋洗差异性相对较小,距明沟0.4m处与明沟中间点相差2.8个百分点。至生育后期（开花期）不同处理存在土壤返盐情况,K1、K2、K3、CK较春灌前平均返盐率分别为28.63%、24.20%、20.83%、22.07%。K1、K2处理返盐程度相对较高,但其含盐量不影响油葵后期正常生长。K1处理在现蕾期铵态氮含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),较K2、K3、CK处理高30.43%、45.90%、14.83%;开花期铵态氮含量由大到小依次为K1、CK、K2、K3,差异性小于成熟期;成熟期K1、K2处理铵态氮含量与CK处理无显著差异。硝态氮含量在现蕾期、开花期和成熟期含量K1处理最高,K1处理较K2、K3、CK处理分别高13.62%~30.80%、14.33%~53.09%、7.17%~28.10%(P<0.05)。K1处理可减小地下水位波动,使氮素以稳定形态存在,减少硝态氮流失。暗管排水可以提高油葵出苗率2.5~2.7个百分点。K1处理增加有效株占比2.3～5.0个百分点;油葵出苗50d后能显著增加株高5.10%~14.87%、茎粗6.29%~22.46%;提高水分利用效率1.16%~10.8%;提高氮磷钾肥料偏生产力7.69%~11.16%;增产4.52%~11.14%;并且有效地提高了叶片光合能力。从对土壤控盐、保肥、稳产与水肥利用效率多角度综合分析,春灌排水深度100cm,生育期控制排水深度40cm（K1）的控制排水方式是适宜的选择。     

澜沧江中上游及元江水电开发水足迹分析

为定量评估澜沧江中上游及元江水电开发对水资源的消耗并判断其影响因素,同时与全流域对比澜沧江中上游水电开发水资源消耗水平,以澜沧江中上游和元江两个不同水热、地形条件的干流水库为研究对象,采用总蒸发水量法计算水电站水足迹。结果表明:元江干流的2座水电站水足迹平均值为3.19 m^3/GJ,澜沧江4座水电站平均值为0.51 m^3/GJ,均低于全国水平,显示出澜沧江中上游水电开发巨大优势。气温对计算结果影响最大,其次是地形因素。     

基于农产品溯源平台建设新兴技术研究

本设计主要是以二维码技术与RFID无线射频技术为主构建农产品溯源系统,通过先进的数字化手段来有效处理农产品从选种到最后进入客户手中的全过程,通过数据信息实现可溯源的农产品产业链,便于广大客户通过网络或者手机就能够及时购买所需的产品,通过数据实现农产品产业链全过程的追溯。农产品溯源系统主要包括信息管理系统、生产经营单位信息管理系统、终端查询信息系统三个系统。     

配气定时对柴油机性能优化的仿真分析

利用美国GAMMA公司开发的发动机仿真软件GT-POWER,建立16V280型柴油机的仿真模型,研究配气定时对该机型油耗和排放的影响。在标定转速下,对100%,75%,50%,25%负荷工况进行部分配气定时的优化,仿真分析出综合情况最优方案,为该机型的后续改进和优化提供参考。     

车身焊点布置优化研究

以某款车身为研究对象,对已有焊点布置进行拓扑优化,在保证车身综合性能条件下进一步减少焊点数量。首先建立弯曲工况、扭转工况和模态工况,分析其刚度、强度以及模态,然后利用拓扑优化对焊点进行优化布置。焊点拓扑优化以车身焊点体积最小为优化目标,以保证原有弯曲、扭转以及模态工况下的性能为约束条件,设计变量为焊点单元密度。最后,通过仿真对比验证基于拓扑优化车身焊点的优越性。结果表明,车身焊点数量由3841降到3786,减少了55个焊点,基于拓扑优化后的车身综合性能基本保持不变,有效降低了成本。     

水源更换对自来水厂进水泵房给水泵的影响

以杭州市清泰水厂进水泵房给水泵为对象,通过对千岛湖作为第二供应水源后水质变化进行理论分析和试验研究,以及水源变化后水泵实际流量扬程等性能进行分析研究,提出在千岛湖、钱塘江等多水源下给水泵的选型设计。通过给水泵叶轮切削的方式,使给水泵新的工况点处于高效区域内,确保给水泵安全顺利生产运行,提高进水泵房给水泵的效率,满足日供水量的要求。     

Screening of Feather Degrading Bacteria and Optimization of Fer-mentation Conditions from Poultry

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and screen the microorganisms from the soil where chicken feathers were piled for a long time and identify them biologically. Single-factor test and response surface methodology (RSM) analyses were used to explore the optimum conditions for the growth and fermentation of a strain. Screening of bacterial strains from the soil where feathers were piled for a long time was performed, and 12 keratinolytic bacterial strains were isolated. One of these isolates, CH-7, was found to be the most effective feather-degrading strain, which was identified as Lactococcus lactis KU568489.1. The growth situation of feather keratin degrading bacterium analysis results showed that the best degradation effect of CH-7 was found in oxygen, inoculation 5％, initial pH=6.5, fermentation temperature 30℃, speed 220 r ? min-1 and fermentation time 36 h, and CH-7 had the highest degradation rate of feather keratin. The optimization analysis of RSM showed that there was more significances of the three factors, 32℃, pH 6.3 and amount of inoculum at 5.7％ on the degradation of feather keratin. Based on the above results, the feather degrading bacterium, Lactococcus lactis CH-7, was obtained by screening, 30℃ and pH 5.5-6.5 were the best growth conditions. The oxygen, the amount of inoculum 5.7％, the fermentation temperature, 32℃, pH 6.3 and the rotational speed 220 r ? min-1 were the best fermentation conditions. Under these conditions, 38.48％ degradation rate was obtained after 36 h fermentation, which demonstrated the strain CH-7 was potential to the fermented feather meal for feed.     

Effect of Chilling Stress on Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes,Osmotic Adjustment Substances and Membrane Lipid Peroxide Levels in Two White Clover Cultivars

Although white clover has been widely studied and applied, less is known about its physiological responses to chilling stress in northern China. The effects of acclimation time of chilling stress in the two white clover cultivars, Rivendel and Haifa, after exposure to 4℃ for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h were investigated. Seven physiological indexes were measured in shoots of the two cultivars. It was found that Rivendel had a strong ability to maintain the stability of cells, cope with oxidative damage and accumulate osmotic adjustment substances compared with Haifa. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation on the chilling tolerance of the two cultivars based on subordinate function value analysis showed a stronger chilling tolerance of Rivendel than Haifa.     

基于EAHP的农机供应链服务质量评价应用

为提高农机供应链服务水平,针对以制造企业为核心的农机供应链,从组织形态模型、服务业务、价值增值和其他方面四个角度建立农机供应链服务质量评价体系。建立指标数据的可拓物元模型,通过可拓层次分析法,定性定量的表达出农机供应链服务质量的等级及其在该等级范围中的水平,并结合具体案例进行评价。结果表明,该农机供应链的服务质量为优等级,关联度达到0.0727,与供应链实际运作情况一致。     

农业机械化与农民增收关系的交互动态响应分析——基于吉林省统计核算数据

为探究农业机械化发展与农民增收之间的关系,以吉林省1998—2018年的时间序列数据为例,通过灰色关联分析和构建VAR模型,利用脉冲响应函数和方差分解分别探讨农业机械化与农民增收之间的关系。结果表明:农业机械化发展与农民人均纯收入之间的灰色关联度为0.8345,关系比较密切;吉林省农业机械化发展与农民人均纯收入之间存在长期均衡关系。从长期来看,农业机械总动力每增加1%,农民人均纯收入会上涨1.4561%;吉林省农业机械化发展与农民人均纯收入之间存在双向因果关系,两者之间相互影响,而且农业机械化发展对农民人均纯收入增长的影响程度更大。最后,为更好地促进吉林省农业机械化发展提出相关建议。