秸秆覆盖深松对夏玉米田土壤酶活性的影响

探讨秸秆覆盖深松对夏玉米田土壤酶活性的影响。采用4种保护性耕作模式(SS+M、SS+NM、NT+M、NT+NM)在河南西平进行连续3年田间试验,研究不同处理对土壤脲酶、土壤碱性磷酸酶、土壤蔗糖酶、土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,4种保护性耕作方式下土壤脲酶、土壤碱性磷酸酶、土壤蔗糖酶、土壤过氧化氢酶活性均随着土层的加深而降低。4种酶的活性随着玉米生育期的变化而变化,即随着玉米生育时期的推进,土壤酶活性从播种到花后45天先升高后下降,土壤脲酶和土壤蔗糖酶活性在开花期达到最大值,而土壤碱性磷酸酶和土壤过氧化氢酶活性在花后15天达到最大值。在0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层,秸秆覆盖处理下土壤酶活性显著高于不覆盖处理,SS+M>NT+M>SS+NM>NT+NM;在10~20 cm土层,NT+M处理下土壤酶活性急剧下降;在20~30 cm和30~40 cm土层,在大多数时期深松处理下土壤酶活性显著高于免耕处理,SS+M>SS+NM>NT+M>NT+NM。在豫南雨养区实施秸秆覆盖深松能够提高土壤的酶活性,值得推广。     

Attaining inter-subgeneric hybrids in fragrant azalea breeding and the inheritance of organelle DNA

Inter-subgeneric hybrids were successfully obtained in reciprocal cross combinations between evergreen azaleas (Rhododendron nakaharae and its hybrids) and fragrant deciduous azaleas (R. arborescens and R. viscosum) for the purpose of fragrant evergreen azalea breeding. Nuclear and organelle DNA of these hybrids was investigated using PCR-RFLP markers. Viable hybrid seedlings have nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) inherited biparentally, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the seed parent, and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from the deciduous azalea, regardless of cross combination. These results suggest that the chloroplast genome from deciduous azaleas and the nuclear genome from evergreen azaleas are compatible in viable hybrid progenies.     

Development of DNA markers that discriminate between white- and blue-flowers in Japanese gentian plants

We developed molecular markers for discrimination of white and blue flower color in Japanese gentian plants. White-flowered gentians can be classified into two types, based on genetic and physiological features. One type includes four allelic variations (gtmyb3-1, gtmyb3-2, gtmyb3-3, and gtmyb3-4) of an anthocyanin biosynthetic regulator gene (GtMYB3), distinguished by three PCR-based molecular markers. The other type contains a newly identified inactive allele (ans1) of the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene with a premature stop codon generated from a 4-bp deletion in the second exon. The ans1 allele was distinguished from the active ANS allele by a cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) marker. The genotypes of 12 white-flowered gentian cultivars/lines could be identified and classified as either ans1 or gtmyb3 using these four molecular markers. No white-flowered gentians contained ans1 and gtmyb3 alleles simultaneously. The mutated ANS gene co-segregated with white flower color in an F₂ population, demonstrating that the CAPS marker is useful to discriminate between white and blue flowers in gentian. Markers to discriminate flower color in Japanese gentian will be useful for early selection of progeny and for breeding management.     

不同氮钾施用水平对胡萝卜产量和品质的影响

不同氮钾配合施用结果表明 :钾肥的施用促进了胡萝卜植株的生长 ,提高了产量 ,改善了胡萝卜的品质 ,钾氮配合施用呈现出一定的正交互作用 ,钾肥的施用可减少氮肥量多的负作用 ,又可提高氮肥的效益     

不同遮阴处理对老山芹幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

以2年生老山芹幼苗为试材,研究了不同遮阴条件(遮阴程度为30%、62%、92%)对其生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:在不同的遮阴条件下,老山芹幼苗会表现出不同的生长状况及生理特性;62%的遮阴条件会有效促进老山芹幼苗的生长及生理特性的变化,影响植物细胞内活性氧与自由基之间的动态平衡,使叶绿素含量显著增加,老山芹保护酶系活性降低,导致细胞内质膜透性、MDA含量减少,使可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质含量降低,游离脯氨酸含量增加;62%的遮阴条件更有利于老山芹幼苗的正常生长发育,所以老山芹幼苗在生产应用中应适当遮阴。     

蔬菜轮作的钾肥效应研究

对番茄—花菜—辣椒轮作制度的钾肥效应研究表明 :施用钾肥能显著提高蔬菜的产量和品质 ,花菜可增产 9.4%～2 3 % ,辣椒可增产 6 .3 %～ 16 .3% ,以施用 12 0kg/hm2 K2 O的增产幅度最大。施用钾肥同时改善了花菜和辣椒的品质 ,提高了Vc和糖分的含量。钾肥还能促进花菜和辣椒对氮、钾养分的吸收     

1株C3样奇异变形杆菌烈性噬菌体的生物学特性及基因组分析

从仔猪粪样中分离鉴定奇异变形杆菌（Proteus mirabilis）的烈性噬菌体,并对其进行生物学特性分析和基因组分析。以Proteus mirabilis为宿主菌,用双层平板法从仔猪粪样中分离噬菌体。利用电子显微镜观察噬菌体大小和形态。提取噬菌体DNA,并使用Illumina Hiseq进行高通量测序,对基因组进行注释和分析。结果显示：分离到的奇异变形杆菌噬菌体命名为vB_PmiP_P59（Proteus mirabilis phage vB_PmiP_P59）。P59属于短尾噬菌体科,形态为C3形：头部为扁平的椭圆形,长152 nm,宽54 nm;尾部长约40 nm,宽12 nm。P59的最佳感染复数为0.001;潜伏期为30 min,爆发期为105 min,裂解量为2 754 PFU·cell^-1;P59在不高于50℃,pH 5~10时稳定。P59噬菌体基因组全长90 187 bp,（G+C）%含量为34.65%,共编码136个ORF和4个tRNA,不携带抗生素抗性基因和毒力基因。蛋白质组分析表明,P59与C3样噬菌体phiEco32有30.47%的一致性。奇异变形杆菌噬菌体vB_PmiP_P59属于C3样烈性噬菌体,并对奇异变形杆菌有显著的抑菌效果。     

鲤疱疹病毒3型ORF57基因工程亚单位疫苗制备及免疫保护研究

旨在研究鲤疱疹病毒3型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 3,CyHV-3)囊膜蛋白ORF57作为疫苗候选抗原的可能性。根据已经发表的鲤疱疹病毒3型全基因组(GenBank登录号为 DQ657948.1),设计特异性引物,扩增、克隆ORF57序列并进行生物信息学分析。构建重组原核表达载体pET-32a(+)-CyHV-3-ORF57,大肠埃希菌体外表达获得重组蛋白ORF57。此外,对ORF57亚单位疫苗的免疫保护性进行研究。鲤鱼免疫4周后CyHV-3攻毒具有75%的存活率,ORF57亚单位疫苗组鲤鱼的存活率显著高于PBS和pET-32a(+)组。实验结果证明,重组ORF57亚单位疫苗具有较强的免疫保护性,为免疫学临床的应用和CyHV-3疫苗的开发提供了实验基础。     

Metabolism of furametpyr. 1. Identification of metabolites and in vitro biotransformation in rats and humans

Urinary and fecal metabolites in male rats treated with a (14)C-labeled fungicide, furametpyr [N-(1,3-dihydro-1,1, 3-trimethylisobenzofuran-4-yl)-5-chloro-1, 3-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxamide, Limber], were purified by a combination of chromatographic techniques, and chemical structures of 14 metabolites were identified by spectroanalyses (NMR and MS). The major biotransformation reactions of furametpyr in rats were found to be (1) N-demethylation, (2) oxidation of the methyl group at C3 of the pyrazole ring, (3) oxidation of the methyl group at C1 of the 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran ring, (4) hydroxylation at C3 of the 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran ring, and (5) hydroxylation at C7 of the 1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran ring. In vitro metabolism by recombinant human cytochrome P450 revealed that a major biotransformation in humans is N-demethylation, catalyzed by CYP1A1, 1A2, 2C19, and 3A4.     

做大盘强开县蚕桑产业的思考

蚕桑丝绸业是一个特殊的产业。近年来 ,开县蚕桑业受国际市场因素的影响 ,生产发展徘徊不前。围绕建成渝东北区域性中心城市的战略目标 ,实施县委提出的蚕桑“十百千万”工程 ,大力加快我县蚕桑业规模化、区域化、产业化建设 ,笔者就做大盘强开县蚕桑业进行了专题调研。1　现状和问题开县地处盆周山区 ,属亚热带湿润季风气候 ,地理和生态环境都适宜栽桑养蚕。自古以来 ,农桑并举 ,栽桑养蚕曾有过辉煌的成就。 1 995年全县发种 7.7万张 ,产茧 1 52万ｋｇ。近几年来 ,我县蚕桑生产与全国全市一样几起几落 ,到 2 0 0 1年全县发种 2 .3万张 ,产…