病害动物及其产品无害化处理程序探讨

动物检疫员在产地检疫、屠宰检疫环节中．动物防疫监督人员在日常监督检查中，经常会发现病害动物、动物产品，相当多的检疫监督人员在对病害动物、动物产品进行无害化处理时，不出具任何文书，直接进行无害化处理．事后甚至没有记录，在病害动物、动物产品无害化处理程序上存在很多问题，如果货主提起行政诉讼，那动物防疫监督机构就面临着败诉的危险．笔者现就病害动物、动物产品无害化处理程序谈谈自己的看法。     

21 世纪的农业水土工程

介绍了农业水土工程学科的历史和形成过程,分析其在我国农业可持续发展中的地位和作用,提出了２１世纪中国农业水土工程学科需要解决的关键科技问题,探讨其在基础理论,应用持等方面的发展趋势。     

Reproductive, metabolic, and endocrine responses to feed restriction and GnRH treatment in primiparous, lactating sows

The current experiment was carried out to determine whether exogenous GnRH treatment in primiparous, lactating sows undergoing feed restriction would improve reproductive performance after weaning. Sows were allocated to one of three treatments: AA sows (n = 8) were fed to appetite throughout a 28-d lactation, AR (n = 12) and AR + GnRH (n = 12) sows were fed as AA sows from farrowing to d 21 of lactation, and feed intake was reduced to 50% of the ad libitum intakes from d 22 to 28. The AR + GnRH sows received 800 ng of GnRH i.v. every 6 h from d 22 to 28 of lactation, and AA and AR sows received saline. Sow weight, backfat, and litter weight were recorded weekly. Within 2 d after farrowing, litter size was standardized to 8 to 10. At d 17 of lactation, an indwelling jugular catheter was surgically implanted in each sow. Blood samples were taken for characterization of plasma LH, FSH, insulin, IGF-I, and leptin by RIA at d 21 and before and after weaning on d 28 of lactation. After weaning, all sows were given ad libitum access to feed, checked for onset of standing estrus twice daily with mature vasectomized boars, and inseminated 12 and 24 h after onset of standing estrus with pooled semen from the same fertile boars (3 x 10(9) sperm/AI). After breeding, feed allowance was reduced to NRC (1988) requirements for gestation. At d 28 +/- 3 of gestation, sows were killed and ovulation rate and embryo survival were determined. Restricted sows lost more weight during lactation than AA sows (P < .02). During the period of feed restriction, plasma IGF-I and postprandial insulin and leptin in AR and AR + GnRH sows, and LH pulse frequency in AR sows, were lower than those in AA sows (P < .04). Associations (P < .004) between plasma insulin and leptin and between leptin and mean LH concentrations were established. The LH pulse frequency in AR + GnRH sows did not differ from that in AA sows before weaning. After weaning, maximum, mean, and minimum LH concentrations in the AA and AR sows, and FSH concentrations in AR sows, increased (P < .05) in response to weaning. Paradoxically, GnRH treatment in lactation seemed to suppress the expected LH and FSH responses to weaning. Ovulation rate and embryo survival were not different among the three groups. In conclusion, although exogenous GnRH therapy restored LH secretion in feed-restricted sows, it did not improve overall reproductive performance.     

草坪型高羊茅种子活力的研究

对美国俄勒冈州引入的六个种子批的草坪型高羊茅种子用加速老化测定法、电导率测定法、温室出苗测定法、田间出苗测定法和标准发芽测定法进行的种子活力研究表明：不同种子批的活力有明显的差异。标准发芽测定中高发芽率且差异不显著的种子批其加速老化后的发芽率、田间出苗率、电导率都有显著的差异。加速老化后的发芽率、电导率与田间出苗率之间都存在极显著的相关关系。加速老化后的发芽率比标准发芽率测定的发芽率更接近田间出苗率。从高发芽率到低发芽率种子批也表现出种子活力从高到低，但标准发芽测定的发芽率从高到低降低的速度较加速老化后的发芽率和田间出苗率降低的速度缓和的多。各种子批的千粒重与种子活力、种苗芽长和种苗芽重之间不存在极显著的相关关系，但种苗的芽长和芽重在某种程度上受种子大小的影响。     

振动胁迫对杨梅果实采后衰老生理的影响

振动胁迫促进杨梅果实的衰老，表现为促进膜诱性的增加和ＳＯＤ活性与精胺含量的下降。但在振动胁迫后的贮藏初期，果实多源精胺的合成明显增加，而乙烯产生量明显降低，这可能是杨梅果实抗振动胁迫的一种应激机制。而在振动胁迫后的贮藏后期，果实的精胺含量降低，腐胺积累较多，乙烯产生量较高，表明振动胁迫最终促进果实的全面衰老。     

Induction of APOBEC3G ubiquitination and degradation by an HIV-1 Vif-Cul5-SCF complex

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Vif is essential for viral evasion of host antiviral factor CEM15/APOBEC3G. We report that Vif interacts with cellular proteins Cul5, elongins B and C, and Rbx1 to form an Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF)-like complex. The ability of Vif to suppress antiviral activity of APOBEC3G was specifically dependent on Cul5-SCF function, allowing Vif to interact with APOBEC3G and induce its ubiquitination and degradation. A Vif mutant that interacted with APOBEC3G but not with Cul5-SCF was functionally inactive. The Cul5-SCF was also required for Vif function in distantly related simian immunodeficiency virus mac. These results indicate that the conserved Cul5-SCF pathway used by Vif is a potential target for antiviral development.     

警用幼犬社会化训养中常见病的防治

随着警用幼犬社会化训养的实施,幼犬由传统的封闭单纯环境圈养改为开放式复杂环境训养,面对异常复杂的环境,犬病防治工作必须积极主动以变应变。     

传统技术与现代分子生物学技术在瘤胃微生物多样性方面的研究

在反刍动物的瘤胃内存在着复杂、多样、非致病的各种微生物，包括瘤胃原虫、瘤胃细菌和厌氧真菌，还有少数噬菌体。从1843年Gubry和Delaford在反刍动物瘤胃内发现微生物起，到20世纪初，由于受到研究条件和技术的局限性，许多研究工作者主要对微生物的形态分类进行研究（Hungate，1966）。20世纪70年代以来，电子显微镜在微生物研究领域的应用使得人们对瘤胃微生物的研究除了可以进行形态观察外，还可对其生长所需的营养要求、环境条件和生长特性进行深入的研究。     

玉米价格高涨后的蛋鸡饲料解决方案

进入2006年以来,由于玉米价格持续走高,致使饲料生产成本提高。特别是近期小麦和玉米的倒挂价差越来越大,局部地区甚至达到160￣220元/t,使得部分饲料企业和养殖场开始在生产中用小麦替代玉米。当前,中原地区玉米质次价高,霉变严重,养殖户在当地要找到优质玉米很不容易,因此,多     

从深圳养鸡业发展历程看中国优质肉鸡业未来

鸡肉是人类不可多得的美食之一,在我国有“无鸡不成宴”的传统,养鸡业也是一个现代社会应具有的基本功能业态。在我国,人均鸡肉年消费量仅有9～10kg,远远低于发达国家。目前,在珠三角地区优质肉鸡的消费量占鸡肉消费的90%以上,长三角地区已达70%以上,中西部地区已达50%以上,而且此比例还在增加。因此,中国优质肉鸡业有着广阔的发展空间。然而,自去年10月我国暴发禽流感疫情以来,禽流感对优质肉鸡产业发展的困扰,安全性、适口性的降低,劳动力及运输成本的显著提高,原料价格的上涨,都大大挤压了优质鸡产业的利润空间。面对如此种种困境,中国优质肉鸡业的未来如何去发展?本文从深圳优质肉鸡业发展轨迹来探讨未来发展战略。