生物源杀虫剂菜喜对菜蛾的药效测定

菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)是我国分布极广的重要十字花科蔬菜害虫,目前,该虫在哈尔滨地区对有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类药剂已产生抗药性,导致防效很差.为此,寻找高效低毒的更新换代农药防治此虫已是生产所必需.     

成功的启示——南京奶业(集团)公司经营分析

南京奶业 (集团 )公司扭亏为盈 ,并取得骄人业绩的启示是 :企业正确定位 ;实行企业 (集团 )经营的公司型运作方式 ;实行低成本扩张和品牌战略 ;引进国外先进技术设备 ,走与国际奶业接轨的发展道路 ;改善产业结构 ,实行多元化经营。     

香根鸢尾挥发油的化学成分分析及抗菌活性研究

采用GC-MS技术分析了新鲜的和自然陈化的鸢尾挥发油的化学组成,确定了各种成分的化学结构与GC含量,并采用滤纸片琼脂平板扩散法与微量肉汤稀释法针对3种真菌和12种细菌(包括7种临床致病菌)进行了挥发油的药敏实验。结果表明:新鲜鸢尾挥发油共鉴定出26种成分,占总峰面积的92.09%,由醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类等化合物组成,其中十四酸(31.77%)、己酸(15.33%)、3-甲基丁酸(12.20%)、戊酸(9.29%)、庚酸(7.91%)、3-甲基戊酸(7.25%)、辛酸(2.44%)、2,4′-二羟基-3′-甲基苯乙酮(1.04%)是主要成分;自然陈化3年鸢尾挥发油共鉴定出45种成分,占总峰面积的85.63%,主要由醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类、醇类、酚类等化合物组成,其中十四酸(28.02%)、十四酸乙酯(10.42%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(7.67%)、十二酸(6.41%)、己酸(5.14%)、十六酸(4.44%)、十二酸乙酯(4.09%)、亚油酸乙酯(3.87%)、十六酸乙酯(3.13%)、油酸乙酯(2.85%)、6-甲基-α-紫罗兰酮(1.39%)、n-癸酸(1.31%)是主要成分;新鲜鸢尾挥发油对大部分微生物均具有很好的抗菌作用,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.25g/L,最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为0.35g/L;自然陈化3年鸢尾挥发油对大部分微生物均具有很好的抗菌作用,其MIC为0.05g/L,MBC为0.08g/L。     

Dynamics of Betula ermanni population in subalpine vegetation in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

lntroductionNotonIyaretimberIinesthemostconspicuousvegetationboundaryinhighmountains,buttheyareaIsoanimportantecologicaIboundary(Bruce1996,Thomas1997).NowondersthenthosetimberIineshaveaIwaysattractedresearchersforbothscientificandpracticaIreasons.InChangbaiMountain,forexample,therestorationoftheclimatictimberlineandestabIishmentofanedectiveprotectiveforestarethetWoprincipalobjectivesofhigh-mountainfor-estmanagement.AIsointhisconnection,thepotentiaIresponseoftimberlinestoexpectedclimaticc…     

Effects of berberine on IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor induced polymorphonuclear leucocyte－endothelium adhesion

AIM:To investigate the effect of berberine on IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) induced polymorphonuclear leucocyte(PMN)-endothelium adhesion and adhesion molecules.METHODS:Based on the model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), this study adopted Rose Bengal Stain, cell ELISA, immunocyto-chemical techniques to investigate the effect of berberine on PMN-endothelium adhesion and the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs).RESULTS:Berberine inhibited IL-1, TNF-induced HUVEC adhesion for PMN when pretreated HUVEC and antagonised IL-1, TNF-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 on HUVEC. Meanwhile, TNF-stimulated PMN adhesion for HUVEC and CD18 upexpression on PMN was diminished in the presence of berberine.CONCLUSION: Inhibite PMN-endothelium adhesion by downregulating the CAMs expression to inhibite PMN migration across endothelium is one of the mechanisms of antiinflammation of berberine.     

Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.     

铲式玉米精密播种机三维参数化设计

针对铲式玉米精密播种机传统设计方法中存在的设计效率低、无法进行动态装配等问题,应用Pro/E软件对播种机零部件进行了三维模型构建,并完成播种机的整体装配;在Visual C++平台上,利用Pro/TOOLKIT和MFC,编制了基于Pro/E的三维参数化设计软件,利用程序控制语句对播种机模型进行驱动,实现了播种机的参数化和系列化设计,为播种机的运动学、动力学和有限元分析奠定了基础.     

X射线无损检测技术在农产品品质评价中的应用

近年来,无损检测技术在农业中得到了广泛的应用.X射线检测作为无损检测的重要技术手段,在农产品品质检测与评价中发挥了重要的作用.为此,综述了国内外在X射线检测技术应用于农产品品质检测方面的研究进展;阐明了X射线检测技术测定的基本原理;介绍了其在果品水分测定、农产品内部病虫害检测、外观品质检测以及异物检测等方面的典型应用实例;并展望了X射线检测技术在农产品检测中的应用前景.     

木材流体渗透理论与研究方法

为较全面系统地了解木材流体渗透理论研究现状,从流体在多孔介质内的主要类型与流动理论、流体在木材内的主要流通通道及木材流体渗透性研究的主要理论与试验方法等几方面进行综合概述,提出木材流体渗透性理论研究的主要发展方向.试验观察应采取更先进的手段,动态观察流体尤其是液体渗透木材的整个连续过程,并构筑更合理的木材流体简化结构渗透模型,以较少的参数反映更完整的流体渗透途径;理论研究应借鉴木材干燥过程中应用较成熟的传质传热模型,建筑多孔材料如水泥、石、砖等的渗透性研究,土壤流体渗透性及地下石油流体渗透性研究方面应用较成熟的理论和方法,并拓宽木材渗透性的研究对象,建立符合木材非稳态渗透实际过程的二维或三维理论模型,以更逼真地模拟木材流体渗透过程;2种方法结合起来,定性和定量完整描述木材流体渗透机制.