虾池沉积物中3类主要细菌的垂直分布特征

采用平板涂布法和MPN法测定了虾池底质下 0到 30cm深度范围内 3类主要细菌类群的垂直分布情况。结果表明 ,底泥中细菌主要集中于 0到 5cm的表层范围内 ,随深度增加 ,数量急剧减少 ,至 30cm深处所测到菌量已很少。底泥中的总菌量随养殖时间推移 ,逐渐增加 ,到养殖中后期 ,表层菌量增加至 10 6CFU/g ,表层以下 10～2 0cm的总异养菌量和硝酸盐还原菌数量也增加至 10 5CFU/ g以上。弧菌仍集中于表层。细菌的垂直分布主要受各层有机物和溶解氧含量的影响     

封闭式循环水养殖牙鲆鱼技术初步研究

将新功能滤料、高效混合净水菌团、水质自动监测及控制3项关键技术及配套设备用于封闭式循环水养殖牙鲆鱼。结果表明，封闭循环组成活率可达到90％－95．1％，平均产量为32．2kg/m^2。较对照组养殖密度增加75．6％－102．7％，成活率提高14％－17％，平均产量增加145％－187．5％。充分利用有限的水体，避免海水二次污染，利于环境保护。     

A concept to define a quantitative measure of mixture state

Mixing is a mechanical operation to distribute components evenly in a plane or a space. Composite molding and textile manufacturing industries are routinely taking advantage of mixing operations in order to distribute raw materials uniformly or in a specific way during composite molding or textile producing processes. Key issues to identify any mixed state are (1) the time needed to accomplish through mixing (the time scale) and (2) the extent of the homogeneity of the mixture in a plane (the length scale). In this paper, a new concept of mixture status is focused on the length scale. The goal to derive a new concept of mixture status is to establish a measure to describe the mixed extent of a mixture consisting of two components, derived from clump size and clump distribution. To verify the usefulness of the newly conceived “Mixedness Index”, the suggested definition was compared with the existing coefficient of variation (CV) method based on simulation and experiments. Results showed a reasonable relationship between the Mixedness Index and observation, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed Mixedness Index for industrial applications.     

滋味物质在不同交联度鱼糜凝胶中的释放动力学分析

为探讨滋味物质在不同交联度鱼糜凝胶中的释放规律并揭示其释放机制,该研究以氯化钠、蔗糖和谷氨酸钠分别为鱼糜凝胶咸味、甜味和鲜味的代表滋味物质,通过感官评价、释放动力学模型拟合和模拟咀嚼释放等方法,分析滋味物质在不同交联度鱼糜凝胶中的释放规律。结果表明,随着交联度的增加,人体对咸味的感知逐渐降低而对鲜味的感知逐渐增强,并当交联度大于42.2%时,咀嚼破碎显著提高了鱼糜凝胶咸味和鲜味的感知（P<0.01）。氯化钠和蔗糖的释放动力学曲线符合准一级动力学模型,而谷氨酸钠的释放则符合准二级动力学模型。随着交联度的增加,鱼糜凝胶在模拟咀嚼过程中氯化钠和蔗糖的释放量先降后升,分别在交联度为42.2%和51.5%时取得最小值（4.54和3.38 mg/g）;而谷氨酸钠的咀嚼释放量则逐渐增加。相关性分析结果表明,氯化钠和蔗糖在鱼糜凝胶中的释放主要与网络结构和化学作用力相关,谷氨酸钠的释放主要与凝胶质地、凝胶持水性和化学作用力相关。综上,滋味物质在鱼糜凝胶中的释放行为受滋味物质种类、凝胶质地以及凝胶与滋味物质的相互作用等多方面的影响,且凝胶在咀嚼过程中较高的破碎程度增强了滋味物质的释放与感知。     

Phosphorus fractionation and adsorption characteristics in drinking water reservoir inlet river sediments under human disturbance

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Sediment phosphorus fractionation, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption isotherm characteristics were studied in two rivers, Muyang River and Lengshui River in...     

Light intensity affects the growth and flavonol biosynthesis of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)

Response of growth and secondary metabolites to light intensity are useful measurements to determine suitable silviculture treatments for the cultivation of medicinal plants. Here, we analyzed the growth, flavonols (total flavonol, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) content, flavonols yield per plant, and expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes in 2-year Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) seedlings at four different light intensities (100, 76, 40, and 25 % of full sunlight) in a greenhouse setting. Across all light intensities, the 76 % sunlight treatment produced the highest growth of total biomass, root, stem, and leaf, indicating negative effects of either fulllight or heavy shading on Ginkgo seedling development. Both flavonols (total flavonol, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) content and expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes [PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), CHS (Chalcone synthase), F3H (Flavanone 3-hydroxylase), and FLS (Flavonol synthase)] in leaves were highest under 100 % sunlight, suggesting that full sunlight promotes the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes and increases flavonoid biosynthesis. The highest and lowest flavonol contents were found in leaves and stems, respectively. The 76 % sunlight treatment produced the highest flavonols yield while the 100 % sunlight produced the highest flavonoids content in leaves, indicating that flavonol production per unit land area depends not only flavonol content but also biomass. Overall, in order to achieve the highest flavonols yield per area in Ginkgo leaf-harvesting plantations, it is important to manipulate light conditions of field.     

黑龙江省西瓜细菌性果实腐斑病防治技术

近年来黑龙江省西瓜细菌性果实腐斑病发病严重。园艺分院西瓜研究室对黑龙江省西瓜果斑病的发病症状等进行了4年的调查,并进行了西瓜果斑病防治方法的试验示范,示范地块的果斑病发病率在两年内控制在了3％、1％以下,总结了防治方法。     

双季稻宽窄行与等行距机插技术产量差异性比较分析

南方双季稻因受种植模式限制,其生育期短、分蘖弱,在稀植条件下难获高产.宽窄行机插技术在插秧时,行间距实行一宽一窄,宽窄交替,可增加插秧基本苗数、改善田闰小气候.经桂林两江镇早、晚稻对比试验,结果表明,宽窄行机插技术较30 cm等行距机插技术增产10.7％.     

关于最低生活保障城乡一体化研究——以安徽省为例

目前,我国社会保障制度改革进入一个新的重要时期。围绕如何实现经济社会的全面协调可持续发展,安徽省已经开始在部分地区进行了社会救助管理城乡一体化实践。在取得了一定的积极成果的同时,也发现了漏洞和不足,尤其是城乡低保制度的失衡问题突出。进一步完善社会救助体系,推进城乡低保一体化建设,要结合区域特点,因地制宜,分阶段分步骤,逐步实现。要在探索建立城乡低保一体化架构、完善运行机制、加强过程控制、加强财政保障机制建设、城乡低保队伍建设等方面,进行改进和完善,进行全面系统的顶层设计和思考。