福建省农林作物白蚁种类及其区系探讨

对福建省农林作物白蚁种类进行全面的普查，得知共有４科１６属５４种，其中的２６种为福建省的特有种．将所搜集的５４种白蚁的地理分布、寄主植物、海拔高度等的不同情况，并参照有关白蚁区系划分的意见，对福建省农林作物白蚁的区系作一概括的探讨．为今后福建的白蚁研究，提供有益的资料     

Clonal production and organization of inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex

The neocortex contains excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Clones of neocortical excitatory neurons originating from the same progenitor cell are spatially organized and contribute to the formation of functional microcircuits. In contrast, relatively little is known about the production and organization of neocortical inhibitory interneurons. We found that neocortical inhibitory interneurons were produced as spatially organized clonal units in the developing ventral telencephalon. Furthermore, clonally related interneurons did not randomly disperse but formed spatially isolated clusters in the neocortex. Individual clonal clusters consisting of interneurons expressing the same or distinct neurochemical markers exhibited clear vertical or horizontal organization. These results suggest that the lineage relationship plays a pivotal role in the organization of inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex.     

Yoshizawa周期解定理的拓广

证明了有限时滞泛函数分方程解的一致最终有界性蕴含周期的存在性，从而推广了著名的Ｙｏｓｈｉｚａｗａ周期解定理。     

黄土高原典型植被覆盖下SPAC系统水量平衡模拟

应用土壤-水-大气-植物整合模型(SWAP),在野外观测试验基础上对坡耕地(豆地)、长芒草地和苜蓿草地土壤-植被-大气系统中的水循环进行了数值模拟.结果表明,土壤水分和储水量模拟结果与实测值具有很好的一致性;长芒草地水分收支基本平衡,苜蓿草地的水分支出是坡耕地(豆地)的1.38倍,其中苜蓿的蒸腾耗水量是坡耕地(豆地)的3.88倍,这是引起苜蓿草地群落过度消耗土壤储水而呈现负补偿的主要原因.农地退耕还林还草后会增加SPAC系统水分支出,如果植被群落耗水过大很可能使土壤干化.     

3-甲基-4-硝基酚对雄性小鼠生殖毒性的研究

目的探讨3-甲基-4-硝基酚(PNMC)对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性作用。方法 20只小鼠随机分成阴性对照组和PNMC组(分0.9、9和90mg/kg·bw组),经口灌胃染毒30天,观察睾丸和精子的形态变化。结果染毒组小鼠各剂量睾丸生精细胞发生坏死,曲细精管腔内出现细胞团,精子细胞分化异常,形成均质红染颗粒,睾丸曲细精管生精上皮/直径比值在90mg/kg组明显高于对照组;染毒组小鼠精子畸形率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),并且随着染毒浓度的增加,畸形率有增加的趋势。结论 3-甲基-4-硝基酚不仅可以引起生精细胞坏死和抑制精子形成,还可以诱导精子畸变,从而对生殖系统造成损伤。     

大棚土壤盐分累积特征与调控措施研究

通过对昆明地区不同年限的大棚土壤的管理现状调查分析及采集次生盐渍化严重的土壤做调控盐分的盆栽模拟试验，研究了保护地大棚土壤次生盐渍化的形成特征以及土壤调理剂对大棚土壤盐分的调控效果，结果表明：随着大棚年限的增长，耕层土壤的盐分在增加，盐分组成以Ca²⁺和NO^-₃为主，0～60 cm土层的盐分剖面由露地的直筒型向倒锥形发展，由泥炭、沸石、锯末等改良材料组合成的土壤调理剂控盐效果显著，耕层土壤全盐含量降幅在19％～32％之间。     

地表糙度对径流和产沙影响的室内试验研究

该文通过室内人工模拟降雨的方法，分析了连续降雨过程条件下，不同糙度地表的径流量和产沙量的变化。研究结果表明：人工锄耕的地表，延缓径流的作用较为明显，但这一作用仅发生在降雨初期；随着降雨的进行，不同糙度地表的径流变化规律基本一致，先增加，随后趋于稳定的趋势，但径流总量没有明显变化。同样，人工锄耕的地表，延缓地表的产沙作用强于糙度小的地表，产沙率15°坡面要高于5°坡面，随着降雨的进行，在雨强1.0 mm/min条件下，这一变化更为明显，最终产沙总量变化不大。地表糙度对侵蚀的影响，不仅与降雨持续时间相关，同时与坡度密切相关，并初步证实黄土区地表糙度对侵蚀的影响存在着一定的临界条件。这为揭示地表糙度的本质特征提供了一定的理论依据，同时也可服务于黄土高原坡耕地水土流失的治理和退耕还林(草)工程的实施。     

温室池水环境与罗非鱼运动性气单胞菌败血症爆发的关系

为阐明温室池水环境对罗非鱼运动性气单胞菌败血症发生的影响，对5年监测所得的发病池的95个水样和无病池的78个水样的水环境因子值进行了统计分析。结果表明，虽然发病池和无病池的水温平均值和pH平均值差异均不显著(p＞0.05)，但在18～27 ℃范围内，发病池出现的百分率随水温升高而增加；发病池的溶解氧、总氨氮、分子氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物化学耗氧量的平均值分别为2.85±1.45、2.48±0.99、0.067±0.048、0.361±0.233、39.56±20.31 mg/L；无病池的溶解氧、总氨氮、分子氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物化学耗氧量的平均值分别为3.41±1.39、0.94±0.76、0.025±0.025、0.105±0.066、20.62±9.73 mg/L。发病池的溶解氧平均值显著低于无病池(p＜0.05)，发病池的总氨氮、分子氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物化学耗氧量的平均值分别极显著高于无病池(p＜0.01)。根据发病池和无病池出现的百分率随各环境因子变化的趋势可以得出结论：高水温、低溶解氧、高氨氮、高分子氨氮、高亚硝酸盐氮和高有机物化学耗氧量的池水更容易诱发凡隆气单胞菌温和生物型引起的罗非鱼运动性气单胞菌败血症。     

Effect of weaning on small intestinal structure and function in the piglet.

Fifty-four piglets were selected from 12 litters weaned at 17 (Treatment 1), 21 (Treatment 2), 28 (Treatment 3) and 35 (Treatment 4) days old, respectively, to determine the effect of weaning age on small intestinal villus morphology, immunology and histochemistry. From proximal duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum and middle ileum, intestinal samples with three replicates (piglets) in each treatment were taken at 18, 22, 28 and 36; 22, 28, 36 and 43; 28, 36, 43, and 50; and 18, 22, 28, 36, 43 and 50 d of age in Treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This was equivalent to 12 h, 3 d, 1 week, 2 week postweaning in Treatment 1; 12 h, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week postweaning in Treatment 2 and 3, and all the same age in Treatment 4 as in Treatment 1, 2, 3, respectively. The results showed that villous height of duodenum and proximal jejunum decreased significantly in Treatment 1 and 3. Crypt depth in the duodenum, proximal jejunum and ileum also decreased significantly in Treatment 1. Date had significant effect on villous height of the duodenum, distal jejunum and ileum with the shortest on day 29 and crypt depth of all positions increased with piglet age except the crypt depth in proximal jejunum decreased on day 50. Weaning age and day of age had significant effects on intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) number and goblet cell (GC) number at all positions of small intestinal mucosa in piglets. The number of IEL at all segments of small intestinal mucosa in Treatment 3 increased significantly compared to those in other treatments, but IEL number at all locations of small intestinal mucosa in Treatment 2 decreased significantly compared to those in other treatments. The number of GC in small intestinal mucosa increased significantly in early-weaned (< day 21) piglets. It appears that providing fluid milk replacer for a few days postweaning could dramatically reduce the negative impact of weaning on villous morphology and digestive and absorptive function, especially in pigs weaned prior to 3 week of age. Finally, as weaning age was reduced, GC had a greater role in intestinal duct protection.     

山羊痘苗对羊口疮的交叉免疫试验

在天祝种羊场对羔羊、怀孕母羊共2,189只,用山羊痘苗进行了羊口疮(Orf)交叉免疫试验。通过观察发病率和攻毒试验来确定免疫效果。山羊痘苗一次免疫组羔羊可抵抗1个MID/0.05ml的Orf病毒攻击,三次免疫组羔羊可抵抗10个MID/0.05ml的病毒攻击。山羊痘苗免疫组羔羊发病率比同期平均发病率可降低50％。对临产前一个月的怀孕母羊用山羊痘苗免疫,可保护所产羔羊在哺乳期不发生本病。