鸡蛋质量与长短轴在线检测方法

开发了一套基于动态称量和图像处理的鸡蛋在线检测系统。通过应变片式传感器动态检测质量,用图像处理检测鸡蛋长短轴。对117个鸡蛋进行在线验证,建立了鸡蛋长短轴检测模型,实现了鸡蛋质量和长短轴的在线检测,并对通过不同方法所得到的鸡蛋长短轴及鸡蛋质量进行了对比。结果表明,在线系统检测鸡蛋质量误差小于±1 g,短轴误差范围-0.5~0.7 mm,长轴误差范围±0.6 mm,鸡蛋检测速率为4枚/s,满足在线检测的要求,证明在线系统具有较强的合理性及鲁棒性。     

Pathological and PCR detection of mycobacteriosis in pond-cultured Chinese soft shell turtles, Trionyx sinensis

Mycobacteriosis due to infection of Mycobacterium marinum is a common disease in pond-cultured Chinese soft shell turtles, especially in those surviving beyond their first year. The infected turtles independently showed either heterophilic or histiocytic granulomas in various organs such as the spleen, liver, lungs, intestine, kidneys, stomach and pancreas. The heterophilic granuloma contained many acid-fast unbranching bacilli intracellularly in macrophages and extracellularly in the necrotic center. The histiocytic granuloma had only a few bacteria, mainly in the cytoplasm of Langhan's giant cells. The organisms were rarely observed in the advanced lesions of both types. Based on PCR assays for partial hsp65 gene of Mycobacterium spp., all of our strains were identified as M. marinum which can be divided into two groups. The strains of the first group induced heterophilic granulomas and had very high nucleotide sequence identities (99.8%-100%) to the reference strains of M. marinum (AF456471) and M. pseudoshottsii (AY550226). Those strains of the second group caused histiocytic granulomas and also showed very high identities (99.8%-100%) to the reference strains of M. marinum ATCC 927 (AF456470) and M. shottsii (AY550225). However, when we compared the partial sequence of the hsp65 gene from group one and two strains the identities between the two groups range from 98.8% to 99.3%, therefore we can not assert that these two belong to the same species.     

养殖河鲀鱼出口日本应注意药物残留问题

1 我省河鲀鱼养殖和销售概况 我省的河鲀鱼养殖事业始于20世纪90年代初,经过十几年的发展,到目前为止,年间总产量已达到1 500t,占全国的50%以上.     

棕榈藤材解剖特征的取样方法1）

为探寻棕榈藤材解剖构造特征的科学取样方法,以黄藤材为研究对象,通过对整根藤茎每节的导管比量、密度、直径、长度,纤维比量、长度、直径、双壁厚,以及纤维素结晶度、晶体宽度和长度等基本结构性质进行了综合分析。结果发现中部5个藤节的各项指标平均值最接近整株藤茎各项指标的平均值。因此,建议取藤茎长度的中部5个藤节对棕榈藤解剖特征进行研究。     

森林认证国内外进展

指出了世界上有多个森林认证体系并存,虽然森林认证面积增长迅速,却分布不均。鉴于当前全球森林资源匮乏,生态环境日益恶化的问题,森林可持续经营发展工作处在举足轻重的地位,而森林认证又是对森林可持续经营的一个保障。在分析世界森林认证发展现状的基础上,探讨了森林认证的发展趋势,阐述了我国森林认证的开展情况,在分析我国开展森林认证可能存在的问题和障碍的基础上,对中国的森林认证工作提出了几点建议与对策。     

寻乌县稀土尾砂堆积场地恢复植被试验初报

寻乌县为了重建稀土矿区生态环境,恢复植被,自1987年冬起,在查明稀土尾砂的农业理化性质的基础上,采用不铺覆客土的方法种植了乔、灌、草等13种植物。试验结果表明:乔木黄檀长势较好,灌木胡枝子和禾本科宽叶雀稗等,当年种植可当年绿化试区。     

Physical treatment and reinoculation of soil: Effects on microorganisms and enzyme activities

Three soils, sandy loam, clay loam, and muck were subjected to different physical treatments, reinoculated with fresh soil and the effect of these treatments on the numbers of microorganisms and soil enzyme activities was studied. Soils were subjected to air-drying, freeze-drying, freezing, dry ice-freezing, autoclaving and oven drying. The results indicated that the microbial populations increased with some of the physical treatments after 2 or 7 days incubation, while, some of the treatments decreased the populations. Air-drying the clay loam inhibited urease and phosphatase activities. None of the treatments inhibited dehydrogenase activity in either the clay loam or the muck. However, a stimulatory effect after 4 days was evident in the muck with heat treatments. Heat treatments inhibited phosphatase activity in all soils and urease activity throughout the experiment in loams, whereas after 14 days, there was a rapid recovery of urease activity in the muck soil. Autoclaving resulted in a pronounced increase in C₂H₂ reduction in the three types of soils. Heating appears to have an effect in an organic soil where the formation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium formazan (formazan) and C₂H₄ were significantly increased.     

基于计算机视觉和神经网络检测鸡蛋裂纹的研究

为了提高鸡蛋裂纹检测的准确性和效率，综合运用计算机视觉技术和BP神经网络技术，实现对鸡蛋表面裂纹的无损检测和分级。首先，通过计算机视觉系统获取鸡蛋表面的图像，对图像分析处理，提取了裂纹区域和噪声区域的5个几何特征参数。其次，将5个参数作为输入，建立结构为5-10-2的BP神经网络模型，对裂纹进行识别和鸡蛋的自动分级。试验结果表明模型对裂纹鸡蛋的识别准确率达到了92.9%，对整批鸡蛋的分级准确率达到了96.8%。     

提高大豆渣膳食纤维中可溶性成分的方法研究

以大豆渣为原料，采用微生物发酵、微射流均质机高压均质处理和高温蒸煮的方法来提高大豆膳食纤维中可溶性成分含量，研究不同发酵时间、不同处理压力和蒸煮温度以及蒸煮时间对提高豆渣可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）含量的影响。结果表明：利用发酵法可提高可溶性膳食纤维的含量达15%之多，并且在发酵的前6天，SDF含量增长很快，6 d后SDF的含量变化较少；而高压均质处理法提高可溶性膳食纤维含量的幅度在10%～28%之间，并随着处理压力的升高而增大；高温蒸煮法能提高可溶性膳食纤维的含量20%，121℃，20 min为较理想的蒸煮条件。     

土地利用变化对碳收支平衡的影响研究——以重庆市为例

运用实证研究、对比分析和相关分析等方法分析土地利用结构变化与碳收支的关系;探讨如何通过优化土地利用结构来实现碳收支的平衡。结果表明:净释碳量与各种土地利用类型的相关系数都很高,且与居民点及工矿用地、交通用地、水利设施用地、园地、林地成正相关,与耕地、牧草地、其它农用地、未利用地和其它土地成负相关。因此,增强碳汇功能必须优化森林结构,提高林地净初生产力,加强耕地保护力度,充分发挥耕地的碳汇作用;通过控制居民点及工矿用地规模来优化产业结构和产业布局,通过合理规划交通用地来优化能源利用率,以减弱碳排功能。