Evaluation of ultrasonic-assisted dyeing properties of fast-growing poplar wood treated by reactive dye based on grey system theory analysis

Ultrasonic-assisted dyeing as a novel and eco-friendly method was utilized to improve decorative value of fast-growing tree species. The effects of ultrasonic-assisted dyeing parameters (e.g., temperature, dye concentration, ultrasonic power, dipping time, dyeing assistant and dye-fixing agent) on the properties of wood were investigated, and the parameters were optimized. Moreover, the main factors mentioned above were determined with grey system theory analysis. Analyses of chemical structure, thermostability, crystallinity, and microscopic morphologies were conducted using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Results showed that dye uptake and K/S were influenced by the parameters in the following order: dye concentration?>?dye-fixing agent?>?dyeing assistant?>?dipping time?>?ultrasonic power?>?temperature. FTIR indicated that an ether bond was formed between the wood component and the reactive dye. TG and XRD demonstrated that the thermal stability and crystallinity of ultrasonic-assisted dyed wood were both improved. SEM revealed that dye molecules diffused into the cell cavity, wood vessel, aperture, and part of the wood microstructure such as pit membrane, which was mechanically damaged after the ultrasonic-assisted dyeing treatment and created new fluid channels for the dye.     

Classification of the hot air heat treatment degree of larch wood using a multivariate analysis of near-infrared spectroscopy

In this study, hot air heat treatments of larch (Larix kaempferi) wood specimens were conducted at various temperatures (160–220 °C) and times (1–12 h) to classify the degree of hot air heat treatment using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR reflectance spectra were acquired from specimen cross-sections and were then preprocessed using the standard normal variate. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) using the complete linkage and squared Euclidean distance was conducted to classify the three degrees of heat treatment. A principal component score plot of the NIR spectra was well grouped by the HCA grouping result, and the first component reflected the cluster analysis grouping well. A partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to develop the discriminant regression model of the three heat treatment degrees. The R² and root mean square error of validation were 0.959 and 0.191, respectively. NIR is considered to be a good candidate to routinely measure the degree of hot air treatment for larch wood.     

基于核自适应滤波的无线传感网络定位算法研究

针对动态室内环境的变化及时变的接收信号强度(Received signal strength,RSS)对定位精度的影响,提出了一类基于核自适应滤波算法的农业无线传感器网络室内定位方法。核自适应滤波算法具体包括量化核最小均方(Quantized kernel least mean square,QKLMS)算法及固定预算(Fixed-budget,FB)核递推最小二乘(Kernel recursive least-squares,KRLS)算法。QKLMS算法基于一种简单在线矢量量化方法替代稀疏化,抑制核自适应滤波中径向基函数结构的增长。FB-KRLS算法是一种固定内存预算的在线学习方法,与以往的"滑窗"技术不同,每次时间更新时并不"修剪"最旧的数据,而是旨在"修剪"最无用的数据,从而抑制核矩阵的不断增长。通过构建RSS指纹信息与物理位置之间的非线性映射关系,核自适应滤波算法实现WSN的室内定位,将所提出的算法应用于仿真与物理环境下的不同实例中,在同等条件下,还与其他核学习算法、极限学习机(Extreme learning machine,ELM)等定位算法进行比较。仿真实验中2种算法在3种情形下的平均定位误差分别为0.746、0.443 m,物理实验中2种算法在2种情形下的平均定位误差分别为0.547、0.282 m。实验结果表明,所提出的核自适应滤波算法均能提高定位精度,其在线学习能力使得所提出的定位算法能自适应环境动态的变化。     

氟喹诺酮类抗生素在农业紫色土中的吸附研究

抗生素被广泛作为抗菌药物和添加剂使用在畜牧业中,造成大量抗生素随着动物粪便进入到土壤环境。吸附行为是抗生素在土壤中迁移转化的重要过程,对抗生素的风险评估及污染控制具有重要的意义。本文采用吸附试验研究了两种氟喹诺酮类抗生素(诺氟沙星(NOR)和氧氟沙星(OFL))在重庆广泛分布的紫色土中的吸附特性以及影响因素。结果表明:NOR和OFL在紫色土上的吸附过程较快,5 h就能达到吸附平衡,吸附常数Kd能达到3 082 L/kg。Freundlich吸附等温模型能很好拟合紫色土对NOR和OFL的等温吸附过程。由吸附过程的吉布斯自由能ΔG和吸附能E可知,紫色土吸附NOR和OFL主要是通过物理吸附。溶液pH6会降低紫色土对NOR和OFL的吸附。当溶液离子强度从0.005 mol/L增加至0.05 mol/L时,NOR和OFL在紫色土上的吸附量分别降低了10.2%和11.7%。土壤有机质对NOR和OFL的吸附过程影响很小。     

利用QuEChERS法筛查并分析哈尔滨市“地趴”储玉米中的真菌毒素

为了掌握哈尔滨市储藏玉米真菌毒素污染情况,在玉米采收后和出售前,分两个时段对哈尔滨市11个玉米种植面积较大区、县(市)的农民家中的"地趴"储玉米进行布点采样,利用QuEChERS的前处理方法结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测玉米样品中的FAB1、ZEN和DON。结果表明:各个区、县(市)的玉米样品中均有真菌毒素的检出,黄曲霉毒素B1并未检出,ZEN和DON有检出且含量超标,单一样品受多种毒素复合污染的情况比较严重,真菌毒素的检出率为27.57%,超标率为4.15%;第一次采集的样品真菌毒素的检出率高于第二次采集的样品。     

杜仲叶对绵羊营养物质消化利用、生长性能及屠宰性能的影响

杜仲叶是优质的粗饲料兼具药物活性物质,本试验旨在研究杜仲叶对绵羊营养物质消化利用、生长性能及屠宰性能的影响。选择30只体质健康、年龄和体重相近的绵羊(湖羊),随机分为3组,每组10只羊,分别为对照组(饲喂无杜仲叶的基础饲粮,CTL组)、低水平杜仲叶组(饲粮中含10%的杜仲叶,EUL1组)和高水平杜仲叶组(饲粮中含20%的杜仲叶,EUL2组),进行饲养试验和消化代谢试验。结果表明:饲粮中添加不同水平的杜仲叶对绵羊的末重、增重、采食量、日增重有显著影响(P0.05),对能量和氮的消化率、沉积率有显著影响(P0.05),对钙、磷的消化率和沉积率无显著影响(P0.05),对屠宰率和胴体净肉率有显著影响(P0.05),对胴体重、净肉重、骨重、骨肉比无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,杜仲叶对绵羊营养物质消化率、利用率及生长性能和屠宰性能等有明显的影响,影响程度与杜仲叶的用量有关。     

3种不同类型轻音乐对奶牛泌乳性能及能量代谢指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨3种不同类型的轻音乐对奶牛泌乳性能及能量代谢指标的影响。选用泌乳量、年龄、胎次、泌乳期相近的荷斯坦泌乳牛64头,随机分成4组,即轻音乐A(速度60 bmp的钢琴轻音乐《梁祝》,音色圆润)组、轻音乐B(速度70 bmp、小提琴演奏的泌乳牛情绪调控曲,音色明亮)组、轻音乐C(速度60 bmp、钢琴演奏的奶牛泌乳性能调控曲,音色圆润)组和对照组,每组16头。3个轻音乐组分别于早、中、晚3次挤奶前各播放音乐2 h,对照组无音乐播放。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。正试期每隔20 d测定泌乳量,并采集血样和乳样。结果表明:1)试验20、40 d及1~60 d,轻音乐A组、轻音乐B组和轻音乐C组奶牛干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪摄入量均高于对照组。2)试验1~60 d,轻音乐C组奶牛泌乳量、4%标准乳产量显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。3)试验1~60 d,轻音乐B组和轻音乐C组血液谷草转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),轻音乐C组血液谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05)。4)试验40、60 d,轻音乐C组奶牛血液甘油三酯含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验1~60 d,轻音乐C组奶牛血液葡萄糖含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);整个试验期,轻音乐A组、轻音乐B组和轻音乐C组奶牛血液游离脂肪酸含量均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,3种轻音乐均有提高奶牛营养物质摄入量、刺激泌乳及改善奶牛能量代谢指标的作用趋势;70 bmp的轻音乐较60 bmp的轻音乐对奶牛泌乳更为有利;与音色明亮的轻音乐相比,奶牛对音色圆润的轻音乐敏感性更高,音色圆润的轻音乐更能提高奶牛泌乳性能。     

CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IN THREE DOGS

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common congenital cardiovascular disorder in dogs and requires an accurate diagnosis for an appropriate treatment. Cardiac MRI (cMRI) has been reported as a method for characterization of canine thoracic vasculature. However, to the authors’ knowledge, no published studies describe evaluation of canine PDA through cMRI. Three dogs were selected for this exploratory study. Electrocardiogram gating and breath‐hold techniques were performed using a 3T MR scanner. Both black blood imaging and bright blood cine acquisitions were performed. Quantification of stroke volume (SV) and shunting volume were calculated using a stack of short‐axis cine images. Additional 4D (three‐spatial dimensions plus time)‐TRAK (time‐resolved MR angiography with keyhole) sequences were conducted in patient 2 to verify other vasculature abnormality. Black blood images clearly depicted the course of the ductus from the descending aorta to the pulmonary artery in all three dogs. Morphological evaluation of PDA classified patients 1 and 2 as Type 2a and patient 3 as Type 1. Patient 2 was confirmed to have a concurrent persistent left cranial vena cava. Left ventricular SV, right ventricular SV, and left‐to‐right SV ratio were 12.4 ml, 3.36 ml, and 3.704, respectively, in patient 1; 6.85 ml, 1.22 ml, and 5.60 in the patient 2; and 3.67 ml, 2.14 ml, and 1.702 in patient 3. Findings indicated that cMRI is a feasible method for characterizing the morphology of PDA and extracardiac vasculature anomalies in dogs.     

天然产物中齐墩果酸和熊果酸提取和分析方法研究进展

对不同天然产物中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的提取纯化方法及分析方法进行综述,并比较了各方法的优缺点。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱技术在植物学中的应用

综述了傅里叶红外光谱技术的工作原理及其在生物大分子、亲缘地理学和生理学上的应用,指出了傅里叶红外光谱技术今后的发展方向,为傅里叶红外光谱技术在植物学领域的研究提供借鉴。