THIABENDAZOLE RESISTANCE IN FIELD POPULATIONS OF HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS

Six populations of H. contortus were selected for a study of thiabendazole resistance from a collection of 40 populations made during a survey of the efficiency of thiabendazole on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Based on survey results, 3 of these populations were considered susceptible and the remaining 3 were considered resistant. However, when these populations were compared with a known susceptible strain on the ability of their eggs to hatch in a solution containing thiabendazole and 0.1% NaCl all 6 had significantly greater LC50's. The resistance ratios of the LC50 for each of the 6 populations to that of the known susceptible strain were 5.1, 4.3, 3.2, 3.1, 2.3, and 1.6 respectively. Following dosing of their host with 44 mg/kg thiabendazole the resistance ratios of the survivors increased to 5.4, 5.1, 4.7, 4.4, 3.1 and 2.4. Eggs produced by the F1 generation of the worms surviving 44 mg/kg thiabendazole did not revert back to the lower LC50's of the unselected parents. Rather the LC50 remained at a level near that of a known highly resistant strain of H. contortus.     

High performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetics of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug oxindanac in calves

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, oxindanac, in calf plasma is described. Recoveries over the concentration range 0.3 75 to 62.5 μg/ml were 90.2–107.8% with interassay coefficients of variation of 2.1–22.3%. The limit of detection was estimated as 0.10 μg/ml and the limit of quantification calculated to be 0.24 pg/ml in a 1 ml plasma sample. This method was used to establish the pharmacokinetics following intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral (p.o.) administration to calves of oxindanac at a dose rate of 2 mg/kg. The elimination t ¹/₂, was long ( t 1/2 21.2 h after i.v. injection) and absorption was rapid (t¹/_2B 0.072 h) and complete ( F > 100%) following i.m. administration. Bioavailability was incomplete ( F = 66.6%) following p.o. administration to calves that had been fed on milk, and Wagner-Nelson analysis revealed twoabsorption phases ( t ¹/₂'s 0.20 and 1.9 h). Oxindanac produced long-lasting inhibition of serum TxB₂ production, with mean k_max values (% inhibition) of 96.8, 94.1 and 81.3 following i.v., i.m. and p.0. administration, respectively. A single i.v. or i.m. injection of 2 mg/kg oxindanac will probably be active in calves for at least 36–48 h.     

江西阳际峰自然保护区土壤的微生物学性状

研究阳际峰自然保护区不同海拔梯度土壤剖面状况及其微生物学性状,探讨土壤微生物量C与N、酶活性、微生物商与呼吸速率的变化及其相互关系。结果发现,不同海拔梯度土壤在微生物学性状上均有较大差异。总的趋势是植被覆盖度高,地形平缓,土层厚,微生物活性强,且与海拔梯度呈显著正相关。在剖面分布上,也有明显的层次差异,即随土层的增加而减少。     

Synovial tumours in dogs

The morphological characteristics, breed predispositions, site predilections and behaviour of three of the most common types of synovial tumours were discussed. Synovial histiocytic sarcoma represents 50% of synovial tumours, occurring in breeds predisposed to histiocytic sarcoma, and has a poor prognosis. Their histological appearance is similar to histiocytic sarcomas occurring elsewhere. The stifle is the most common site; dogs with ruptured cranial cruciate ligament are predisposed. Synovial cell sarcoma represents 15% of synovial tumours in dogs. They have non-specific spindle cell morphology, and can only be distinguished using cytokeratin immunohistochemistry, which will label a small percentage of the spindle cells. Amputation is often curative, but metastases can occur. Synovial myxoma represents 20% of synovial tumours in dogs. They have a characteristic morphology of myxomatous nodules filling the joint cavity and sometimes extending into the surrounding tissues, including bone. Labrador Retrievers and Doberman Pinschers are predisposed, and the stifle and digit are the most common sites. Prognosis is good; even with incomplete excision some dogs survive years without progression or metastasis. Histopathological examination of synovial tumours is essential to determine the course of treatment, and prognosis.     

滑皮金柑和融安金柑外观、风味及营养成分比较

滑皮金柑是融安金柑的实生变异品种,为探明其品质特性,本研究以融安金柑为对照,比较二者果实外观、风味和营养成分的差异。结果表明,滑皮金柑单果质量、纵横径、果皮油胞数和色泽CCI值均显著低于融安金柑。滑皮金柑果实剪切力较低,其他质构指标均显著高于对照。糖酸含量分析表明:滑皮金柑果皮和果肉中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖以及总糖含量均显著高于融安金柑;滑皮金柑果皮中柠檬酸和苹果酸含量显著低于对照,而乙酸、马来酸和富马酸含量则显著高于对照;在果肉中,滑皮金柑的柠檬酸和丁二酸含量显著低于对照,而酒石酸、草酸、乙酸、马来酸、富马酸含量均显著高于对照。此外,滑皮金柑果皮和果肉中V_C含量相对较低,但总多酚和总黄酮含量显著高于对照。同时滑皮金柑中积累了更多香豆酸和阿魏酸,总酚酸含量也高于对照。     

分散固相萃取结合气相串联质谱法检测 黑胡椒中19种农药残留

[目的]建立分散固相萃取结合气相串联质谱法测定黑胡椒中敌敌畏、联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯等19种农药残留的方法,为黑胡椒产品的多种农药残留同时检测提供技术支持.[方法]黑胡椒样品采用乙腈提取,提取液经吸附剂净化后过膜上机,由HP-5MS色谱柱分离,在电喷雾离子源的多反应监测模式下对19种农药进行检测.通过正交试验优化无水硫酸镁、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)、石墨化炭黑(GCB)和C184种吸附剂的配比.[结果]100 mg无水硫酸镁+20 mg PSA+50 mg GCB+40 mg C18为最佳配比的混合吸附剂;19种农药采用外标法定量;基质标准溶液在0.004~1.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R>0.9900);53%农药为强基质效应,其中大部分为有机磷类农药,42%为中等基质效应;样品在3个不同添加水平下回收率为76.0%~114.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=3)在2.0%~12.0%,均小于15.0%,苯醚甲环唑检出限为0.010 mg/kg,其余农药检出限为0.007 mg/kg.[结论]建立的分散固相萃取结合气相串联质谱法前处理简单快速,准确度和精密度符合检测要求,适用于黑胡椒中敌敌畏等19种农药残留的同时检测.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定大蒜中10种农药残留

建立了快速、准确测定大蒜中10种农药多残留的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测技术。样品经酸化乙腈提取,无水硫酸镁(500 mg)除水后,用N-丙基乙二胺(PSA,500 mg)和十八烷基键合硅胶(C₁₈,500 mg)净化,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,Waters C₁₈色谱柱分离,采用正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。10种农药的检出限在0.020~0.800 μg·kg^-1,定量限在0.067~2.670 μg·kg^-1。线性范围内相关系数均大于0.99。加标回收率在73.4%~109.0%,相对标准偏差在1.2%~9.8%。结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,可同时测定大蒜中10种农药。