健康家兔肠道中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

本试验选用MRS、MRS+10%家兔硬粪浸出液和MRS+10%泡菜汁3种选择培养基,对健康家兔肠道的乳酸菌群分别进行需氧和厌氧培养,根据可培养细菌菌落特征、染色特性、显微镜形态观测,共分离出7株乳酸菌株,其中需氧菌2株,厌氧菌5株。结合生化试验初步鉴定,需氧菌株分别为乳酸乳球菌和短乳杆菌,厌氧菌株分别为嗜酸乳杆菌,嗜粪乳杆菌,肠乳杆菌,乳酸乳杆菌和弯曲乳杆菌。本实验为弄清健康家兔肠道的有益菌群,以便下一步制作更易于在畜禽的肠道中定植存活的复合动物微生态制剂做准备。     

基于RS与GIS的山东某煤矿区历史遗留损毁土地调查

我国地域辽阔，但可利用土地资源少，同时由于生产建设和自然灾害等，造成许多优质土地资源损毁。调查清楚土地损毁情况，采取针对性的土地复垦措施，在目前经济发展中显得尤为迫切。以山东某矿区为例，确定了历史遗留损毁土地的划定依据，利用RS与GIS等技术手段对矿区进行地表沉陷预计，用遥感影像提取土地利用变化情况，得到了历史遗留损毁土地的位置、面积和损毁类型等信息，为后期土地复垦与规划提供参考。      

生态系统视角下农村失独家庭的困境应对策略研究

农村失独父母是我国计划生育政策实施以来产生的一个特殊弱势群体。由于农村社会经济发展的特殊性,处于失独困境的家庭亟待政府和社会的更多关注和支持。农村失独家庭面临家庭关系紧张、精神承受重压、经济水平落后、生活缺乏照顾、养老医疗困顿、人际关系贫瘠等难题。为了化解上述难题,必须尽可能发挥政府和社会的保障支持功能。基于生态系统理论,需要通过多主体协同,从宏观、外层、中层、微观四个层次构建对于农村失独家庭的社会保障、社会支持体系,形成为农村失独家庭服务的系统性支持保障网络。     

Soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration by consecutive biochar application: Results from a decade field experiment

Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon.     

浅谈网络环境下高校图书馆馆员的信息素质教育

阐述了信息素质教育的涵义,探讨了图书馆馆员信息素质教育的重要性及现状,指出了图书馆馆员信息素质教育的构成、主要内容和实现图书馆馆员信息素质教育的途径。     

多元文化对语言歧义理解及运用的影响——以新疆农业垦区为例

一.引言在新疆农业垦区,多民族杂居、多元文化并存。自西汉至清末,历代王朝出于戍边和维护地方治安的考虑,均非常重视在西域屯田。新疆生产建设兵团进驻新疆后,大力发展屯垦经济,进一步增强了汉民族农耕文化在新疆地区的吸纳力和包容力。     

红壤旱地芝麻防早衰叶面调控剂筛选研究

研究结果表明,速效肥料、生长调节剂及抗病药剂对保持芝麻生长中后期的正常生长都能起到积极作用。"磷酸二氢钾+硝酸铵+腐植酸+赤霉素"配制能有效防控红壤旱地芝麻早衰,在此配方基础上,添加代森锰锌能对防控芝麻叶部及茎部病害起到一定的作用,从而增强了红壤旱地上芝麻的抗早衰能力。     

Dietary fiber in a low-protein diet during gestation affects nitrogen excretion in primiparous gilts,with possible influences from the gut microbiota

We investigated the effects of dietary fiber (DF) supplementation in normal or low crude protein (CP) diets on reproductive performance and nitrogen (N) utilization in primiparous gilts. In total, 77 Landrace × Yorkshire pregnant gilts were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The groups comprised 1) equal intake of normal CP (12.82% and 0.61% total lysine), 2) low CP (LP) (10.53% and 0.61% total lysine), and 3) with or 4) without DF supplementation (cellulose, inulin, and pectin in a 34:10:1 ratio). A low-protein diet during gestation significantly reduced daily weight gain from days 91 to 110 of pregnancy (−162.5 g/d, P = 0.004). From N balance trials conducted at days 35 to 38, 65 to 68, and 95 to 98 of pregnancy, DF addition increased fecal N excretion at days 65 to 68 (+24.1%) and 95 to 98 (+13.8%) of pregnancy (P < 0.05) but reduced urinary N excretion (P < 0.05), resulting in greater N retention at each gestational stage. DF increased fecal microbial protein levels and excretion during gestation. An LP diet also reduced urinary N excretion at different gestational stages. An in vitro fermentation trial on culture media with nonprotein N urea and ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃) as the only N sources revealed that microbiota derived from feces of gestating gilts fed the high DF diet exhibited a greater capacity to convert nonprotein N to microbial protein. Microbial fecal diversity, as measured by 16S rRNA sequencing, revealed significant changes from DF but not CP diets. Gilts fed an LP diet had a higher number of stillbirths (+0.83 per litter, P = 0.046) and a lower piglet birth weight (1.52 vs. 1.37 kg, P = 0.006), regardless of DF levels. Collectively, DF supplementation to gestation diets shifted N excretion from urine to feces in the form of microbial protein, suggesting that the microbiota had a putative role in controlling N utilization from DF. Additionally, a low-protein diet during gestation negatively affected the litter performance of gilts.     

奶牛胃肠道菌群与奶牛乳房炎关联性及其对乳房炎调控潜力的研究进展

乳房炎是严重影响奶牛机体健康状态及乳品质量的疾病之一。一直以来,外源致病菌入侵乳房并引发感染被认为是奶牛乳房炎发病的主要因素。然而,最近的研究表明,胃肠道菌群同样能够影响奶牛乳房炎的发病并对炎症进行调控。其主要机制可能涉及"肠道-乳腺"内源途径,即来自胃肠道的某些细菌可以通过涉及单核免疫细胞（主要是吞噬细胞）机制进行转移,通过内源性细胞途径（细菌性肠-乳途径）迁移到乳腺。本文就奶牛乳房炎的致病因素及其影响、胃肠道菌群与奶牛乳房炎的关联性及其对乳房炎的调控（包括饮食、短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs）、益生菌及共生菌等因素）等方面进行了综述,旨在为奶牛乳房炎的发病机制及缓解措施提供新的思路。     

规模化羊场冬季羊舍外围护内表面温度的分布规律

旨在研究河北省规模化羊场冬季羊舍外围护内表面温度的分布规律。选择规模化羊场的6栋羊舍,采用定点定时的检测方法,分别于早、午、晚对各舍外围护内表面(屋顶2个坡、墙4个侧面和地面料道两侧)温度及舍内温湿度进行检测。结果表明,外围护结构内表面温度与舍内环境温度呈显著的线性正相关关系(P<0.01,r=0.94),回归方程为y=0.931x+0.5697。不同时间段和不同外围护部位的内表面温度均表现出显著性差异(P<0.01),且时段与部位存在交互效应(P<0.01)。3个时段中,早上外围护结构均温最低(P<0.01),仅-4.93~-1.03℃,尤其是屋顶,早午温差值显著高于墙体和地面(P<0.05),需加强早上羊舍的保温。研究也表明,羊舍类型、建筑材料和朝向均影响外围护内表面温度,有窗舍外围护内表面均温显著高于敞棚舍(P<0.01),复合彩钢板屋顶舍的外围护内表面均温显著高于单层彩钢舍(P<0.01),尤其是舍北侧结构(北侧地面、北坡顶和北墙)内表面温度均显著高于单彩钢舍(P<0.05)。另外,南北朝向舍的两坡屋顶温度差异显著(P<0.05),而东西朝向两坡屋顶温度未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),建议冀中南地区羊舍宜东西朝向,但应注意外围护整体结构的保温隔热性。该结果可为羊舍的环境改善及标准化设计提供依据。