奶牛胃肠道菌群与奶牛乳房炎关联性及其对乳房炎调控潜力的研究进展

乳房炎是严重影响奶牛机体健康状态及乳品质量的疾病之一。一直以来，外源致病菌入侵乳房并引发感染被认为是奶牛乳房炎发病的主要因素。然而，最近的研究表明，胃肠道菌群同样能够影响奶牛乳房炎的发病并对炎症进行调控。其主要机制可能涉及"肠道-乳腺"内源途径，即来自胃肠道的某些细菌可以通过涉及单核免疫细胞（主要是吞噬细胞）机制进行转移，通过内源性细胞途径（细菌性肠-乳途径）迁移到乳腺。本文就奶牛乳房炎的致病因素及其影响、胃肠道菌群与奶牛乳房炎的关联性及其对乳房炎的调控（包括饮食、短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids，SCFAs）、益生菌及共生菌等因素）等方面进行了综述，旨在为奶牛乳房炎的发病机制及缓解措施提供新的思路。

Research Progress on the Correlation between Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Bovine Mastitis in Dairy Cows and Its Regulatory Potential for Mastitis

Bovine mastitis is one of the diseases that seriously affect the body health status and milk quality of dairy cows. The infection of mammary gland caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogenic bacteria has long been considered to be the main factor of bovine mastitis. However, recent studies have shown that the gastrointestinal microorganisms can also influence and regulate the development of mastitis. The main mechanism may involve the entero-mammary pathway, that is, certain bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract may migrate to the mammary gland via an endogenous cellular pathway through a mechanism involving monocytes (mainly phagocytes). In this review, the pathogenic factors of bovine mastitis and its influence, the relationship between gastrointestinal microflora and mastitis as well as the regulation of gastrointestinal microbiome on mastitis (including dietary, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), probiotics and commensal bacteria) etc., were reviewed, aiming to provide several new information for the pathogenesis and mitigation measures of bovine mastitis.