Current Advances in the Study of the Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery Systems

Targeted drug delivery systems (TDDSs) can selectively react with the targeted tissue at cell and subcell level,and can also selectively reach the diseased site and release the drugs slowly,which maintain the drug concentration above an efficaciously critical value for a longer duration of time. For TDDSs of anticancer drugs, such kind of preparations can efficiently minimize the side effects to the undesired tissues or organs, consequently augmenting curative effects of chemotherapy. We summarize the present situation and recent progresses in the prospective field of TDDSs for anticancer drugs. The models of drug targeting, the categories of drug targeting, the targeted drug carriers, and the factors that influence the effect of targeting are introuduced through domestic literatures.Although it is not very near future for clinical application of TDDSs,TDDSs play an important role in overcoming the side effects of cancer therapy and improve curative effect.     

四棱豆的引种及其适应性研究

研究了3个四棱豆品种在湖南怀化地区境内不同区域的生育期特性、主要农艺学性状及其适应性。结果表明：四棱豆在怀化地区最适于每年的4月底至5月中下旬播种;并且这3个四棱豆品种均表现出较强的适应性,其中适应性最强的品种是桂丰一号,其产量高,抗病力强,具有极大的推广价值。     

拟南芥AT2G14260基因功能及其表达特异性分析

拟南芥AT2G14260基因编码脯氨酸亚氨基肽酶，基因芯片表达谱数据显示该基因响应高盐、低温等非生物胁迫。为研究其功能和表达特性，本研究采用野生型和突变体植株pip-1进行低温、干旱和盐胁迫处理，结果显示在正常培养基中野生型与pip-1植株表型没有区别。而在逆境处理下pip-1植株的根比野生型明显短，且在干旱胁迫下，突变体的叶子比野生型植株明显变黄萎蔫。在正常环境、冷、干旱、盐胁迫下，野生型植株脯氨酸含量的平均值分别是突变体的1.11、1.23、1.10和1.34倍，这说明AT2G14260基因对提高非生物胁迫的耐性具有一定的作用。同时分离了该基因的启动子，构建了表达GUS基因的载体并转化拟南芥，结果表明该启动子在正常环境中不表达。胁迫处理时从两叶期开始在根、叶、茎中表达，到达花期后，干旱处理下的花瓣、花枝和冷处理下的花柱头中也有表达。GUS相对活性试验也证明对胁迫的响应能力。可见AT2G14260基因启动子是逆境胁迫诱导表达启动子，同时具有组织表达特异性，因此，AT2G14260基因及其启动子在转基因工程育种中具有潜在的应用价值。     

辣椒的深加工技术研究进展

本文介绍了辣椒有效成分辣椒红色素、辣椒碱的提取与分离技术，以及辣椒产品的深加工技术和辣椒的综合开发利用。     

TILLING技术的原理与方法述评

TILLING,即Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes(定向诱导基因组局部突变技术),是由美国FredHutchinson癌症研究中心Steven Henikoff领导的研究小组发展起来的,是一种全新的反向遗传学研究方法。TILLING技术借助高通量的检测手段,快速有效地从由化学诱变剂(EMS)诱变过的突变群体中鉴定出点突变。目前,TILLING已被应用于多种生物的研究中。本文系统介绍了TILLING技术的基本原理、技术路线及其技术优势,同时列举了TILLING的应用实例,并展望了TILLING技术的应用前景。     

高产纤维素酶的绿色木霉菌种的诱变和筛选(英文)

[目的]诱变和筛选高产纤维素酶的绿色木霉菌种。[方法]利用紫外线对出发菌株进行诱变,经过初筛和发酵检测挑选出高产纤维素酶的菌株。[结果]筛选到高产纤维素酶的绿色木霉K6,酶活是出发菌株的1.39倍。[结论]诱变筛选得到的K6菌株高产纤维素酶,为秸秆纤维素的利用奠定了基础。     

文冠果细胞悬浮培养技术研究

[目的]建立文冠果体细胞胚胎发生和快速成苗的悬浮培养体系,为文冠果的产业化和规模化发展提供参考。[方法]以文冠果新旧种子为材料,诱导体胚发生,进行文冠果细胞悬浮培养。[结果]适合胚性愈伤诱导的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L＋2,4-D0．5mg／L＋3％蔗糖;适合胚性愈伤组织不定芽诱导培养的最佳诱导培养基为MS＋6一BA1．0mg／L．4-NAA1．0mg／L＋3％蔗糖,且萌芽率最高;适合单细胞团再生植株培养的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L＋3％蔗糖。[结论]NAA和2,4-D混合使用有利于胚性愈伤组织的形成;一定浓度的NAA对文冠果愈伤组织萌芽培养有较大的促进作用。     

蛇床子素对植物病原菌抑制效果的测定

采用含毒介质法和牛津杯法测定了蛇床子素对8种植物病原真菌和7种病原细菌的抑制效果。结果表明：当浓度在400～800μg／mL时,蛇床子素对8种病原真菌都有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对水稻纹枯病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的抑制作用最佳,抑制率在95％～100％,其EC50分别为37．71μg／mL和47．06μg／mL,但对蕃茄叶霉病菌和玉米小斑病菌抑制作用较差;蛇床子素对7种病原细菌抑制作用最强的是水稻细菌性褐条病和甜豌豆带化病菌,浓度在1000μg／mL时,其抑菌圈直径分别为37mm和36mm,但对兰花褐腐病菌抑制力很低,只有8mm。     

Advances in Fermentation of L( ) - lactic Acid by Rhizopus Oryzae

L(+)-lactic acid and its salts have been widely used in food and pharmaceutical. Advances of production (L(+)-)lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae fermentation from starch in recent years are reviewed. Rhizopus oryzae is a preferable species for its outstanding ability to produce almost optically pure L(+)-lactic acid with low nutritional requirement.Studies on L(+)-lactic acid focused on the selection over-production strains,optimization of fermentation culture medium and fermentation technology,extraction and separation course,the design of new bioreactor and so forth.Controlling the growth forms of Rhizopus oryzae mycelial can improve the ability of production L(+)-lactic acid and make the operation easier.And breeding L(+)-lactic acid over-production strain by gene engineering technology,improving the fermentation equipment and optimizing the appropriate immobilized carrier,will greatly reduce the cost of L(+)-lactic acid production.Increasing in the research and development of lactate and polylactic acid will extend the use of L(+)-lacic acid.     

Application and Progress in Cancer Analysis by FTIR Spectroscopy

The research progress and the application of FTIR spectroscopy on diagnosing cancer are reviewed. The cancer is one of the tallest diseases of the rate of human beings. At present, its diagnosis primarily depends on the pathology one. The process of pathology diagnosis is bother and often suffers the influence of the artificial factors. Along with the rapid development of FTIR spectroscopy and its correlative technique, the FTIR spectroscopy has been applied not only to studying the structure of big biologic molecules like protein or nucleic acid, but also to studying more and more complicated system like cells and tissues. The research expresses that FTIR spectroscopy can open out the characteristics of tissues of cancer from the molecular level, and it is very possible that FTIR will be a quantitative instrument of diagnosing cancer.