A Study on the Impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of Pinus tabulaeformis in China

A special interpolation program GREEN has been developed to determine the climatic parameters for the distribution region of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) based on the researches on the distribution of the tree species. The central region, which is the most suitable distribution region, and potential distribution region of the species under current climatic conditions were mapped using a Geographic Information System IDRISI. According to the averaged predictions by 5 GCMs for 2030, a projection was made for the future distribution of the pine. The results show that the potential distribution area of Chinese pine will have a small northward shift, though not significantly. The east part of the northern boundary will move northwards by 1.4 degree, while the southern boundary will move northwards about 0.2 degree in latitude. The east and west edges will both move towards the distribution center. The potential distribution region will shrink by 9.4% compared with the current area. The species wi     

长白山典型林区主要河流两岸森林资源变化研究

本文对两期遥感图像进行解译，并在GIS支持下提取露水河林业局主要河流两岸各缓冲区森林资源信息，经分析得到各类地物在1985年及1999年的变化趋势。结果表明：在河流沿岸对森林的采伐强度1999年较1985年明显减小，整体生态环境较1985年有所改善。在缓冲区1，2，3除中龄针叶林大幅度增加外，其它地物类型面积均减少，由此可以看出，在这三个缓冲区内针叶林得到了较好的恢复。在缓冲区4内，中龄针叶林、成熟针叶林、成熟阔叶林形成一个林龄梯队，有利于森林生态系统的稳定与功能的发挥，十五年间缓冲区4受到的干扰相对较小。湿地数量在四个缓冲区内均有所减少，虽然在缓冲区4内森林生态系统恢复的较好，但湿地面积仍有所减少，说明保护及恢复湿地资源是一件非常艰巨的任务，必须引起高度重视。图5表2参12。     

沙棘对辽宁西部杨树人工林土壤水分动态变化的影响研究

通过将沙棘与小黑杨和欧美杨64号的人工林分别按株混和行混2种方式进行混交实验,研究了固氮植物沙棘对辽宁西部杨树人工林土壤水分动态变化的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在0～20 cm的表层土壤中,混交林的含水量均显著高于各自纯林的含水量(p<0.01),20～120 cm的深层土壤中,混交林的土壤含水量整体趋势表现为显著低于各自纯林中的土壤含水量,只有8月处理Ⅰ纯林和混交林的土壤含水量没有显著差别;(2)2000年6,8,9月,同一人工林两两月份间的土壤含水量均有明显差别,土壤含水量大小顺序都是8月>9月>6月,不同月份间土壤含水量的差异大小随土壤深度、杨树品种、混交方式的变化而变化;(3)杨树人工林不同土层含水量与天然降水之间有明显的相关性(r~2>0.90),天然降水是杨树与沙棘混交林及杨树纯林土壤水分的主要来源。     

区域农业与农村可持续发展研究探索--辛德惠院士泛生态学理论与实践述评

辛德惠院士学术思想和理论的发展大致分为3个方面,即以输入决定律为基础的土地生产力主导战略理论、以区域综合治理与开发为基础的农业-农村综合发展理论以及以生态学泛化为基础的泛生态学理论.其中,泛生态学集中代表了他的理论大成.     

热激处理对白桦幼苗温度适应的影响

以白桦为研究对象 ,人为模拟高温 ,以质膜相对透性和丙二醛含量为主要测定指标 ,比较了不同高温和不同处理时间对 1年生白桦幼苗的伤害程度以及高温预处理对白桦幼苗温度适应的影响 .结果表明 ,膜相对透性及丙二醛含量在 37℃和 4 2℃热激处理的 2 4h期间出现升、降、升的变化趋势 ,但 37℃ 2～ 4h处理为白桦热激反应的理想条件 .37℃ 4h热激预处理既可提高白桦幼苗的耐冷性又可提高白桦幼苗的耐热性     

松嫩草原水淹恢复演替群落五脉山黧豆无性系生长及根茎构件年龄结构

五脉山黧豆是长根茎型豆科牧草,是典型的无性系植物.在松嫩平原生长季后期,五脉山黧豆无性系种群生物量59.6%分配于分株,40.4%分配于根茎.经过对样本的观察,创建了按实际生活年限划分豆科植物根茎年龄的方法.五脉山黧豆的根茎最多可生活3个年度,但至生长季后期3龄级根茎存活量甚少,并已经失去了繁殖力.当年形成的1龄级根茎大多是从2龄级根茎上产生.2龄级根茎几乎没有死亡.根茎长度的年龄结构表现为1龄级与2龄级大体相同,3龄级陡度减少.根茎生物量的1龄级比率比根茎长度的有所增加,2龄和3龄级则有不同程度的减少.五脉山黧豆无性系种群采用了优先向1龄级根茎输送与贮藏营养物质的生存与发展策略.在水淹后恢复演替群落具有地被植物种间竞争的条件下,五脉山黧豆仍可以通过指数函数迅速地增加着无性系的子代数量,同时也迅速地扩展着无性系的生态位空间.     

3种药剂对稻水象甲大田防治作用研究

本文开展了吡虫啉10%可湿性粉剂、阿维菌素2%乳油和三唑磷20%乳油等3种常见药剂对检疫性害虫稻水象甲的大田防治作用研究,试验结果表明,供试药剂对稻水象甲成虫均具有较好的防效,药后7d防效依次为94.58%、98.67%和100%。综合考虑,推荐阿维菌素2%乳油或吡虫啉10%可湿性粉剂为湖南防治稻水象甲的较理想药剂。     

The effect of total carbon on microscopic soil properties and implications for crop production

Soil structure is a dynamic property affected by physical, chemical, and microbiological processes. Addition of organic matter to soils and the use of different management practices have been reported to impact soil structure and crop production. Moderation in soil temperature and increases in microbial activity and soil water retention are often suggested as reasons for the rise in crop yield when organic matter is added to the soil. Less is known about the direct effect of changes in soil structure on crop production. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of summer cover crop and in-season management system on soil structure. The experiment was a nested design with summer cover crop as the main plot and management system as the subplot. Summer cover crop treatments included cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) incorporated into the soil in the fall (CI), cowpea used as mulch in the fall (CM), sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare) incorporated into the soil in the fall (S), and dry fallow or bare ground (B). Management systems were organic (ORG) and conventional (CNV) systems. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L.) were cultivated in rotation in the plots for three consecutive years using the same cover crops and management systems for each plot. Disturbed and undisturbed soil cores were collected at the end of the third year and used for laboratory experiments to measure physical, chemical, and hydraulic properties. Image analysis was used to quantify soil structure properties using a scanning electron microscope on thin sections prepared from the undisturbed soil cores. We found that total soil carbon was correlated with porosity, saturation percentage, and pore roughness. Pore roughness was correlated with crop production in general and with marketable production in particular. We found that the higher the complexity of the pore space, the more water retained in the soil, which may increase soil water residence and reduce plant water stress.     

FORESTAR:东北地区多目标森林经营的决策支持系统(英文)

我国林业过去曾经实行过大砍大造的方针,导致全国范围的生态灾难和林区的经济困境。当前正在实施的天然林保护工程和退耕焕还林工程是在我国山地森林应用生态系统管理的良好时机。针对长白山地区天然林的保护与经营,我们建立了一个决策支持系统,简称为FORESTAR。它是以林业局为单位、用GIS框架下的森林资源清查数据建立的。最初的版本包括两个子模块:森林采伐设计和森林恢复经营。在每个子模块下,用户可以比较各种决策条件下的效果,以便从中选优。这个决策支持系统可以用来帮助各级林业工作者实现上下一致的、多目标的森林经营管理规划。图2参17。