表皮生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

选取21日龄断奶长白仔猪37头,按表皮生长因子(EG F)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IG F-Ⅰ)、基础日粮、自然哺乳随机分为4组,每组3重复,每个重复3头。EG F和IG F-Ⅰ的剂量为17.86μg/d,研究其对早期断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响。结果表明:EG F组和IG F-Ⅰ组脾淋巴细胞转化率均极显著(P<0.01)高于基础日粮组,空肠后段肠黏膜SIgA含量极显著(P<0.01)高于基础日粮组而且EG F组脾淋巴细胞转化率高于IG F-Ⅰ组。EG F组小肠各段黏膜上皮间淋巴细胞数极显著(P<0.01)高于基础日粮组;IG F-Ⅰ组空肠和回肠黏膜上皮间淋巴细胞数极显著(P<0.01)高于基础日粮组;EG F组回肠黏膜上皮间杯状细胞数极显著(P<0.01)高于基础日粮组;IG F-Ⅰ组回肠黏膜上皮间杯状细胞数极显著(P<0.01)低于自然哺乳组。表皮生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ能提高早期断奶仔猪的免疫功能。     

牛乳体细胞数对牛奶品质的影响

随着奶牛业和乳品业的迅速发展,牛奶体细胞数在牛奶生产中的重要作用越来越得到人们的重视。本文综述了影响牛奶体细胞数的因素、体细胞数在奶牛生产中的应用及其对乳及乳制品品质的影响。     

硼砂对绵羊瘤胃微生物数量、酶活性及血液生化指标的影响

将8只装有瘘管绵羊分为2组,采用反转试验设计,研究在基础日粮中添加2g·kg-1日粮的硼砂对绵羊瘤胃微生物数量的影响。选用4只装有瘘管绵羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,4种处理为:A组(基础日粮,对照组)、B组(基础日粮+1g硼砂·kg-1日粮)、C组(基础日粮+2g硼砂·kg-1日粮)和D组(基础日粮+25mgAHA·kg-1日粮),研究饲喂硼砂对绵羊瘤胃酶活性及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,饲喂2g·kg-1日粮硼砂对绵羊瘤胃细菌和原虫数量未产生影响。与对照组相比,B组、C组和D组蛋白水解酶活性分别比对照提高108.2%,200.39%和173.8%,其中C组差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。与对照相比,添加脲酶抑制剂各组,脲酶活性略有降低,纤维素酶、总脱氢酶和淀粉酶活性略有升高,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。饲喂硼砂对绵羊血液生化指标未产生影响。说明1～2g·kg-1日粮的硼砂添加量对绵羊是安全的。     

The Effect of Yucca schidigera Extract on Ruminal Fermentation and Parameters Traits in Sheep

In a completely randomized block design experiment, 16 ruminally cannulated sheep (40 ± 2.1 kg)fed a 50% concentrate 50% forage diet (DM basis) were given intraruminal doses of powdered Yucca schidigera extract (YSE). Doses of 0 (control), 100, 200, or 300 mg kg-1 diet were given at 8 p.m. and 4 a.m. On 15, 16, and 17 d of the experimental period, ruminal contents were sampled 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after dosing, and blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment (18th and 19th d). Acidity was not affected (P＞0.05) by the addition of YSE. Compared with the control, ruminal propionate concentration was increased by 29.4 and 29.8% (P＞0.05) and the acetic acid concentration was decreased by 15.1 and 19.8% (P＞0.05) at 4 and 6 h after YSE (300 mg kg-1) dosing, respectively. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the first 2 h after feeding was higher (P＜0.05) in the sheep that did not receive YSE (increased by 17.57 mg 100 mL-1) than in those that received 200 mg kg-1 (increased by 6.77 mg 100 mL-1) or 300 mg kg-1 (increased by 6.50 mg 100 mL-1) YSE. Protozoan populations in the rumen were lower (P ＜ 0.05) in the animals that received 300 mg kg-1 of YSE compared with the control. All serum parameters of the four groups were in the normal range and were similar among the treatment groups (P＞0.05), after being fed for 19 d with different doses of YSE. The effect of YSE on ruminal ammonia concentration likely resulted from a decreased concentration of protozoan populations and, presumably, from ammonia binding by YSE.     

绿色食品肉猪生产技术研究

文章从绿色食品肉猪产业化生产的角度 ,阐述了绿色食品饲料生产 ;绿色食品肉猪生产技术 ;绿色食品肉猪屠宰及冷却加工技术 ;产品质量监测 ;建立企业标准化体系和绿色食品肉猪生产基地建设     

饲料非营养性添加物生物学作用和有效利用技术的研究

以蛋鸡、肉仔鸡、仔猪为对象 ,探讨了饲料非营养性添加物 (微生物植酸酶、寡糖、药物添加剂、香味剂、着色剂等 )对营养物质利用、生理生化指标影响的机制。并对其利用技术问题进行了研究 ,取得了一些成果     

稀土饲料添加剂在畜牧业中的应用

我国稀土资源丰富 ,其储量、产量均居世界之首 ,稀土应用涉及工业、农业、医疗、纺织等领域。稀土农业应用在我国稀土应用各领域中已经位居第三位 ,成为发展最快的领域之一 ,我国已经率先在国际上建立了稀土农用产业。近年来稀土在畜牧业中的推广应用步伐不断加快 ,在北京、内蒙古、湖南、江苏等地都有大规模应用。下面对稀土在畜牧业中的应用进行论述。1　稀土的作用机理1.1　稀土是动、植物必需微量元素吗 ?江西省工业卫生研究所对兔子饲喂适量稀土 ,进行亚慢性毒性饲养试验时 ,发现兔子增重速度加快、被毛光泽度及皮下脂肪厚度也提高 ,首…     

新型脲酶抑制剂对绵羊瘤胃酶活性和细菌总数的影响

为了研究新型脲酶抑制剂对绵羊瘤胃酶活性和细菌总数的影响 ,进行了两个实验。实验一 ,采用反转设计 ,用4头装有瘤胃瘘管的绵羊 ,分别测定了瘤胃液中脲酶、纤维素酶、蛋白水解酶、总脱氢酶的活性和瘤胃细菌总数。结果表明 ,在瘤胃内灌注50mg脲酶抑制剂 (氢醌 ,HQ )可以使脲酶的活性降低65 % (P<0.01) ,使纤维素酶的活性提高28 % (P<0.05) ,对蛋白水解酶、总脱氢酶的活性和瘤胃细菌总数没有影响(P>0.05)。实验二 ,采用滤纸片法观察了氢醌在10、20、40和80mg/L浓度范围内对瘤胃微生物的抑制作用。测定结果表明 ,除了80mg/L氢醌对瘤胃微生物有微弱的抑制作用外 ,其它浓度的氢醌对瘤胃微生物的生长没有影响。上述结果表明 ,HQ是瘤胃微生物脲酶的专一性抑制剂 ,对瘤胃微生物的繁殖和代谢活性无不良影响。HQ在较低浓度范围内使用 ,就可以非常有效地减缓瘤胃中尿素的释放速度 ,对瘤胃微生物和宿主动物安全 ,无毒副作用 ,在反刍动物尿素利用方面具有非常大的开发潜力。     

抗菌肽的功能、研发与应用

抗菌肽（antimicrobial peptides,AMPs）广泛存在于多种生物体内,是生物体非特异性免疫功能的重要组成部分,具有抗细菌、真菌、病毒等多种生物学功能。由于其特殊的杀菌机制而使得细菌不易产生耐药性,在多个领域显示了良好的应用前景。本文综述了抗菌肽的类别、生物学功能及其抑菌机制,重点阐述了近年来抗菌肽研发与应用的国内外进展。     

Effects of Diet Dilution during the Finishing Period on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

An experiment was conducted to study the response of broiler to diet dilution during the finishing period. Sixty 29-day-old commercial Avian male broiler chicks were assigned to two groups randomly, with 30 broilers each. Birds were offered a conventional finishing diet or with 10% dilution diet with ground rice hulls from 29 to 49 days of age. The result showed that there were no significant differences between the effects of diet dilution and the control on final body weight, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Diet dilution led to a reduction in abdominal fat weight, whereas carcass and breast muscle weight were not affected.