双季田藕春藕应用打孔薄膜覆盖栽培试验初报

义乌市地处浙江省中部,金衢盆地北缘,光照充足,雨热同步,十分适宜莲藕生长。目前全市田藕种植面积达667hm2,年复种面积约1333hm2,平均每1hm2双季田藕产值约105000元,净收入约67500元。双季田藕已成了义乌市高效生态特色农业之一。田藕应用塑料薄膜进行小拱棚保护地栽培,不但上市早、效益高,而且可避开前中期蚜虫等害虫的为害,减少化学农药施用,提高田藕品质,同时小拱棚建     

单季茭白"一茬双收"栽培新技术

2000年以来,我国茭白产业布局发生了较大变化,茭白主产区由江苏、湖北向浙江、安徽一带转移,特别是浙江省,在各级部门的大力支持下,组织力量开展茭白新品种选育及优质高效栽培技术攻关,先后成功选育了浙茭3号、金茭1号、金茭2号和丽茭1号等茭白新品种,研究并推广了大棚双季茭白、高山茭白、冷水茭白等先进技术,茭白产品质量明显提升,产业效益不断提高,产业发展呈现出"规模化、产业化、品牌化"的特点,年种植面积迅速发展到约2.7万hm2,其中单季茭白1.3万hm2以上.     

鲜食籽莲金芙蓉3号的选育及特性

金芙蓉3号是以太空莲3号和建选35号为父母本杂交选育而成。植株高大,红色单瓣花,花托倒圆锥形,边缘上翘,心皮数26~42枚,平均约26.6枚。成熟莲蓬扁圆形,蓬面平均直径12.7 cm,结实率平均达到87.5%,鲜莲百粒重367.6 g,667 m²可采收鲜莲蓬4 560个,或者生产鲜莲子402.5 kg,鲜食品质突出,商品性好。     

2种留种育苗方法对茭白种苗质量、经济性状与产量的影响

比较带茭苗与常规苗2种留种育苗方法对茭白种苗质量、经济性状及产量、采收历期等的影响。结果表明,带茭苗优势明显,雄茭率和灰茭率分别仅为常规苗的9.7%和3.1%,夏、秋季单荚壳茭重、单荚肉茭重分别增18.0%和17.2%,夏、秋季产量分别增加12.7%和17.1%;夏季茭白采收历期缩短8 d,可以有效降低采收人工成本。     

茭白单双季品种轮作增效模式试验

为了验证单双季茭白的轮作模式效益，本试验比较了双季茭品种秋冬季不同时期、不同分墩株数移植对夏茭分蘖苗抽发、商品性及产量效益的影响，以及单季茭轮作品种搭配和轮作模式效益分析。结果表明：秋冬季移植时期以适当早栽为宜，宜在秋茭采收结束后的10月下旬或11月前移植。分墩移植时每墩株数不宜过少，每墩株数宜在5株以上。轮作时单季茭品种宜选用中迟熟品种。其中八月茭和金茭6号667 m²产值达5 888.8元和5 556.0元，分别比对照增加1 957.6元和1 624.8元，增幅达49.80%和41.33%,增效显著。     

“茭白+水芹”消纳沼液试验

为研究茭白套种水芹模式对不同浓度沼液的消纳效果,研究了茭白套种水芹模式对不同浓度沼液中NH₄⁺-N、TP、TN和COD(化学需氧量)的去除效果。结果表明,在茭白套种水芹模式下,于茭白分蘖初期灌溉3.0 cm高的沼液,NH₄⁺-N、TP、TN和COD的去除率均最高,30 d后即可达到一级排放标准。其中,茭白套种水芹模式磷的去除率达到98.68%,比单独种植茭白高3.77个百分点,具有明显优势。在养殖场周边进行茭白套种水芹,不仅能有效消纳养殖场的沼液,还能产生经济效益。     

茭白叶黑斑病的病原鉴定和防治药剂筛选

In recent years, in addition to brown spot disease, leaf black spot has occurred frequently and seriously affected the yield and quality in the production areas of Zizania latifolia in China. In order to identify the pathogen, diseased samples were collected from Lu'an, Suzhou, Tongxiang, Yuhang, Yuyao, Jinhua, Shengzhou. Finally, 90 fungal strains were obtained by tissue isolation method, in which 25 strains causing black spot disease of Z. latifolia was identified as Nigrospora oryzae by morphological observation, multiple sequence alignment analysis and pathogenicity test. Toxicity test of 12 fungicides commonly used in fields was carried out in laboratory conditions. The results showed that the effect of 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was best, with the EC₅₀ of 0.002 mg·L^-1; followed by 30% Pyraclostrobin SC and 60% Difenoconazole WG, with the EC₅₀ of 0.056 and 0.057 mg·L^-1, respectively. Combined with the inhibitory effect of the 12 fungicides on Ustilago esculenta, 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was the best choice as a control agent. This study provided scientific basis for the identification and control of leaf black spot of Z. latifolia.