利用FTIR对苯基异氰酸酯与不同含水率纤维素反应的研究

通过FTIR红外光谱对苯基异氰酸酯与醇、水、不同含水率纤维素反应产物的研究 ,确定了产物的红外光谱吸收峰的归属。研究发现 :异氰酸酯与绝干纤维素羟基反应产物是氨基甲酸酯 ,随着纤维素含水率的增加 ,异氰酸酯与纤维素的反应越来越低 ,与水反应的比例越来越高 ;当纤维素含水率为 9 78%时 ,异氰酸酯绝大部分与水反应生成取代脲     

我国新的林业科技范式及其影响

作者应用科恩范式理论讨论了我国林业科技范式。作者认为中国20世纪的林业科技范式的根本特征是林业具有明显的不可持续性发展和生态环境破坏。21世纪新的林业科技范式的核心是林业可持续发展与生态环境建设。新的林业科技范式将对旧的林业不可持续性发展及对生态环境的破坏经营理念、生产方式、生产技术及森林利用方式进行否定,而继承和发扬以往单项先进生产技术和先进经营理念。新的林业科技革命实质就是要创建可持续发展与生态环境质量提高的林业科学技术体系。我国正在形成有中国特色的21世纪新的林业科技革命总体战略思想、战略步骤、主体工程、林业经营理念、目标及其主导技术体系。     

加快转产项目建设积极进行产业、产品结构调整

本文结合大兴安岭地区的实际情况,以实施“天保工程”为出发点,分析了转产项目建设面临的诸多问题,并提出了改革建议和转产项目开发建设应遵循的原则及发展方向。     

哈尔滨市三种园林害虫发生期测报的研究

为食叶害虫黄褐天幕毛虫，榆紫叶甲，舞毒蛾的发生期测报提供物候和有效积温等几种有价值的方法。     

牛奶子果实性状及营养成分的产地与株间变异研究

对采自不同产地和单株的牛奶子的果实性状、氨基酸含量、番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、Vc以及微量元素进行了分析.牛奶子浆果平均鲜质量0.13 g,变幅0.07～0.15 g.鲜果平均果肉率75.01%.6个单株的17种氨基酸总含量在146.596～179.634 mg·g-1之间,平均总含量为167.839 mg·g-1.其中谷氨酸含量最高,占氨基酸总含量的18.07%;其次精氨酸(11.66%)及天冬氨酸含量(10.78%),甲硫氨酸最低(0.84%),其余氨基酸均在7.00%以下.3个单株的番茄红素含量,最高的为342.000 mg·kg-1,最低为78.000 mg·kg-1,两者相差3.38倍,其含量是番茄的2.6～11.4倍.β-胡萝卜素平均含量为6.480 mg·kg-1,可溶性糖平均含量7.312 mg·kg-1,可滴定酸平均含量3.240 mg·g-1.Vc的平均含量为0.049 mg·g-1.Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu平均含量分别为97.881、77.553、23.384、12.129 mg·kg-1.K、Ca平均含量分别为11.190、3.720 mg·g-1.     

Improvement of softening treatment technology of bamboo

In order to improve the efficiency of softening bamboo block when manufacturing bamboo veneer, chemistry reagents such as NaHCO₃ are often adopted during bamboo softening treatment. But the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the band intensity at 1,733 cm⁻¹, assigned to C=O stretching vibration in xylan, was reduced in the spectrum of softening-treated bamboo with NaHCO₃ compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo and softening treatment of bamboo without NaHCO₃. That is to say, that the hemicellulose of bamboo was destroyed after softening treatment with NaHCO₃, which meant that softening treatment of bamboo with NaHCO₃, is not a perfect softening treatment method. Thus, in this paper a softening technology at 120°C for 30 min in a closed container was adopted. The results of FTIR show that there was almost no difference in FTIR spectra between no softening treatment of bamboo and softening treatment of bamboo at 120°C for 30 min, which meant that softening treatment at 120°C for 30 min had no effect on the composition of bamboo. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show that T _g of not softening-treated bamboo was 120°C, while T _g of softening-treated bamboo at 120°C for 30 min was 88°C. T _g of softening-treated bamboo at 120°C for 30 min decreased by 26.7% compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo. The results of hardness show that the hardness of bamboo strip after a softening treatment for 30 min at 120°C decreased by 42.0–54.6% compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo. The results of hardness and DMA show that the effect of softening treatment of bamboo at 120°C for 30 min was resultful.     

Analysis of three types of triterpenoids in tetraploid white birches (Betula platyphylla Suk.) and selection of plus trees

Betulin, oleanolic acid, and betulinic acid are naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids that have significant medicinal value. Considerable amounts of these triterpenoids are available in the out...     

盐胁迫对菌根化沙枣幼苗生长性状的影响

以实生沙枣苗木为供试植物、异形根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus irregularis)为供试菌株,采用盆栽培养方法,设置浓度为0、100、200、300 mmol·L-1的NaCl胁迫菌根化沙枣幼苗,测定不同浓度NaCl胁迫的菌根化沙枣幼苗的株高、基径、生物量、功能叶片生长参数、盐害症状,分析盐胁迫对菌根化植物生长的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫对沙枣苗木生长具有显著的抑制效应,但不同浓度盐处理与对照相比,接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)显著提高了沙枣苗木的株高、基径(P<0.05).在盐浓度为300 mmol·L-1时,沙枣苗木的株高、基径增加幅度,分别为11.30％、4.35％.经浓度为100、200、300 mmol·L-1的盐处理,接种沙枣苗木比不接种沙枣苗木的全株总生物量,分别增加36.30％、52.22％、104.54％.在盐浓度为300 mmol·L-1时,菌根化沙枣苗木的单叶面积、比叶面积、叶面积比率,比对照分别增加138.46％、30.90％、130.27％.相同盐浓度胁迫时,接种沙枣苗木叶片脱落率、枯黄率、盐害率,均显著低于不接种处理(P<0.05).接种异形根孢囊霉,缓解了盐胁迫对沙枣生长产生的不利影响,提高了植物耐盐胁迫能力.     

咪唑型离子液体溶液中纤维素酶荧光活性测定

为考查纤维素酶在离子液体溶液中的酶活,采用荧光光谱分析法对离子液体中纤维素酶的荧光活性测定,研究离子液体的浓度、类型对纤维素酶的活性影响。结果表明:纤维素酶在咪唑类离子液体溶液中荧光活性随离子液体浓度的升高而降低。离子液体为[C4 mim]Cl、[C4 mim]Br,且浓度为0.1 mol/L使纤维素酶的荧光强度减低最小,即对酶活性影响最小。     

Biochemical composition of pond-reared and lake-stocked Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards) broodstock

The morphological characteristics, tissue indices, proximate and fatty acid compositions of hepatopancreas, gonad and muscle of pond‐reared (PR) and lake‐stocked (LS) Eriocheir sinensis broodstock were compared. Lake‐stocked crabs are characterized by a blue carapace, white abdomen, golden legs and yellow setae while PR crabs have a brown carapace, grey abdomen, black legs and similar yellow setae. The carapace length and width of PR crabs were significantly less than those of LS crabs of the same wet weight (WW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of PR males was significantly higher, but the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly lower for PR females when compared with LS individuals of the same sex. Regardless of their origin, the muscular index (MI) of males was higher than that of females. The hepatopancreas of LS crabs had higher protein levels and lower lipid levels compared with PR crabs. The results of proximate analysis of male gonads from two different sources were similar, while the protein level in the ovary of LS females was higher than that of PR females. The tissues of males had higher water content but lower lipid and protein levels compared with females regardless of their source. The LS crabs had higher highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels than PR crabs in their gonad and hepatopancreas. In conclusion, our results suggest that the nutritional quality of LS crabs is better than that of PR crabs, the nutritional quality of males is poorer than that of females. The reproductive performance and larval quality of crabs from these two rearing systems should be further verified.