燕麦在西藏畜牧业生产中的地位与作用

本文分析了燕麦在畜牧业生产中的地位和存在的主要问题,提出了发展燕麦生产的主要措施.     

Enhanced Bacillus thuringiensis Production from Sewage Sludge with Alkaline and Ultrasonic Pretreatments

Sewage sludge is a cost-effective media for the production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticides. To enhance the entomotoxicity of the fermentation broth, pretreatments of sewage sludge by alkali and ultrasonic were applied in this study. Effects of alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatments on the soluble COD (SCOD) and total COD (TCOD) were evaluated by altering the alkali addition dose and the ultrasonic specific energy. Suitable pretreatment conditions were optimized with 5 g l^?1 sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for alkaline treatment and 1.2?×?10⁵ kJ kg^?1 of total solid for ultrasonic treatment. Fermentations of raw and pretreated sludge for biopesticides were carried out in a bench scale fermentor. Results revealed that both pretreatments were effective for Bt growth and metabolism. Higher viable cells (VC) and viable spores (VS) counts, δ-endotoxin yields and entomotoxicity were achieved in the pretreated sludge. The enhancement was attributed to more available nutrients and better oxygen transfer. Moreover, ultrasonic pretreated sludge was superior to alkaline pretreated sludge for δ-endotoxin production and entomotoxicity owing to its higher soluble C/N ratio and finer particles.     

基于倍四元数和Groebner基的6R机械手的位置反解

提出了一般6R机械手的位置反解的新算法,该算法是把齐次变换矩阵转以倍四元数形式表示,建立了倍四元数形式的串联6R机械手运动学方程,再通过线性消元和两次应用分次字典序Groebner基消去5个变元,得到一个一元16次方程.此方法没有增根,是一种对空间任意尺寸6R机械手进行建模和求解的新算法.其中求解Groebner基采用了计算机代数系统进行有理数运算,目前的求解速度尚不是很高,需进一步改进.     

新疆甜菜常见病害调查及防治对策

根据近几年对新疆博州地区甜菜病害的调查研究表明,目前糖用甜菜上危害严重的病害主要有:立枯病、根腐病、褐斑病、白粉病、蛇眼病。通过对这几种病害的发病条件、危害情况及防治方法的调查分析,提出针对性的防治对策。     

2021年河南省一级定点监测场点猪瘟免疫效果监测

为了解河南省规模猪场的猪瘟免疫抗体水平,2021年对采自河南省18个地市214个一级监测场点（种猪场或年出栏量在5万头以上的商品代猪场）的6 602份猪血清样品进行了猪瘟抗体检测,并按不同场点、季节、区域和生长阶段,对检测结果进行统计分析。结果显示：2021年河南省定点监测场点的猪瘟免疫抗体平均场群合格率为85.98%,平均个体合格率为87.99%;种猪场的场群合格率和个体合格率分别为89.06%和91.24%,均显著高于商品代猪场的84.67%和86.23%（P＜0.05）;春季个体合格率（83.58%）低于夏季（90.48%）、秋季（87.36%）和冬季（92.78%）,差异明显（P＜0.05）;不同区域的抗体场群合格率为81.13%~92.86%,个体合格率为82.15%~93.73%,豫北地区的场群及个体合格率均最低,其中个体合格率与其他地区差异明显（P＜0.05）;不同生长阶段的场群合格率和个体合格率由高到低均依次为经产母猪、后备种猪、种公猪、育肥猪、保育猪和仔猪,除仔猪（场群、个体合格率分别为58.33%、65.00%）外,其余阶段的场群合格率（76.47%~94.23%）和个体合格率（81.12%~93.89%）均高于70%。结果表明：河南省监测场点猪群的猪瘟免疫情况整体较好,发病风险较低,但在持续做好猪瘟免疫的同时,应着重加强春季、豫北地区和仔猪阶段的免疫效果监测工作。     

大兴安岭林区沼泽-森林人工造林效果综合评估

采用样带网格调查方法,研究大兴安岭22年生人工兴安落叶松沼泽林的群落结构、蓄积量、植物多样性及其沿沼泽-森林过渡带水分环境梯度的变化规律,并与天然沼泽森林进行对比分析,结合经济效益及环境影响,对沼泽-森林人工造林效果进行综合评估,提出沼泽-森林的分类经营模式.结果表明:1)天然沼泽林群落建群种沿沼泽-森林过渡带环境梯度发生明显的更替,而人工落叶松沼泽林均以落叶松为优势种;天然沼泽林的垂直结构比人工落叶松沼泽林完整;2)人工落叶松沼泽林的蓄积量沿着沼泽到森林方向的环境梯度呈增加趋势(4.3497～6.990 5 m3·hm-2a-1),而天然沼泽林呈减少趋势(6.689 8～1.411 8 m3·hm-2a-1);3)人工落叶松沼泽林的物种丰富度指数较相应生境地段天然沼泽林提高9～25种,而其Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Jsw均匀度指数却较天然沼泽林下降了0.221 4～0.858 2和0.234 3～0.404 2;4)人工落叶松沼泽林的地下水位和泥炭层厚度较天然沼泽林有所下降(分别下降15.5～36.1 cm和9.6～25.2 cm);5)在沼泽-森林过渡带内培育落叶松人工林可获得较高经济效益(投入产出比为1:2.4～1:9.6);6)沼泽森林的分类经营模式为:典型草本沼泽生境应保持原始状态,沼泽-森林过渡带的中下部生境应培育毛赤杨沼泽林,过渡带的中上部生境可以培育人工落叶松沼泽林.     

我国相思类树种研究文献计量学分析

以中国知网统计的源期刊为依据,通过对1965年3月-2014年10月间有关相思研究论文的发表数量、发表时间、研究内容、发文单位、期刊分布等进行统计分析,了解我国相思研究进展,指出相思树研究的不足之处以及今后研究发展方向。     

Carotenoid Composition and Changes in Sweet and Field Corn (Zea mays) During Kernel Development

Kernels of two carotenoid‐rich cultivars, sweet corn Jingtian 5 and field corn Suyu 29, were compared in terms of carotenoid composition during corn kernel development. The results showed that eight principal carotenoids were characterized by HPLC with diode array detection and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry with a C30 column. During kernel development, there was a similar trend in the change of total carotenoids for both corn cultivars, and the variation of individual carotenoids was also somewhat similar; violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, α‐cryptoxanthin, and β‐cryptoxanthin contents had upward trends, whereas neoxanthin content declined all the time, and α‐carotene and β‐carotene had no significant changes. However, the highest levels of the major carotenoids lutein (41.61 µg/g, dry weight) and zeaxanthin (39.59 µg/g, dry weight) obtained in field corn Suyu 29 during the milk stage were higher than those in sweet corn Jingtian 5, whereas the other individual carotenoid levels were significantly lower. Compared with the grain color, highly significant positive correlations were observed between zeaxanthin, lutein, and violaxanthin contents and deeper yellow/orange coloration indicators for field corn Suyu 29, but these relationships were weak for sweet corn Jingtian 5. Potential genetic variation might exist for carotenoid accumulation in sweet and field corn kernels.     

碱蓬和盐地碱蓬花粉形态研究及其在分类上的贡献

借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了碱蓬属2种植物碱蓬和盐地碱蓬的花粉形态，并对不同生境条件下盐地碱蓬4变式的花粉形态进行了对比研究，研究结果表明：花粉粒外部形态成球形；大小在15.4-24.0μm之间；具有散萌发孔，萌发孔数量在46－55之间，萌发孔直径为3．1－5．4μm；花粉粒表面光滑，其上散布许多颗粒状小突起，萌发孔上亦有数目不等的小突起。以上数值在不同种间有较明显的差异，在盐地碱医宵同生态变式间亦有差异，但差异较小。这些细微的特性差异可为碱蓬属植物分类提供参考依据，是研究该属植物分类及生态的新资料。     

姬松茸固体饮料的研究

姬松茸是一种正待开发的药食兼用真菌,因其含有抗肿瘤活性多糖而备受关注。利用现代食品工程高新技术———超微粉技术将姬松茸子实体粉碎,使其组织细胞高度破坏,提高了多糖的溶出率。通过正交实验确定姬松茸固体饮料配方为蔗糖量10%,柠檬酸,糖酸比为33.3∶1。