文冠果实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

为筛选适用于文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge)性别分化过程研究和不同器官的内参基因,本研究以文冠果性别分化关键期的顶芽和侧芽、根、茎、叶、种仁、雌能花和雄能花为材料,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)鉴定7个候选内参基因(Actin,UBQ,EF-1α,TUB,eIF-4α,18S rRNA和GAPDH)在各样品中的表达量,并评价7个基因的表达稳定性。结果表明,7个候选内参基因在不同样品中的表达量存在明显差异,各基因在雌能花中的表达均显著高于其他材料,在雄能花中的表达处于较低水平;适用于文冠果性别分化过程的最优内参基因为UBQ和eIF-4α,适用于不同器官的最优内参基因为EF-1α和GAPDH。研究结果将对今后进行文冠果性别分化过程研究和不同器官中的基因表达分析提供参考。     

牧草产业是我国家兔产业可持续发展的重要支撑

针对我国家兔规模化养殖的快速发展,牧草作为家兔生产主要饲料原料来源,供需矛盾日益突出。本文重点从家兔消化生理特点、兔产品安全生产、农民增收、需求现状与问题等方面进行了论述,并提出了相应对策。     

大球盖菇1号的分离纯化及其液体培养基优化

为缩短大球盖菇(Stropharia rugoso-annulata)1号液体种生长周期,提高菌丝体产量,为大球盖菇液体种工业化生产提供参考和依据。试验以大球盖菇1号菌丝球干质量(Y)为指标,通过Plackett-Burman设计试验,得出玉米粉、MgSO4和VB1对大球盖菇的生物量有显著影响,通过最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken响应面分析法对大球盖菇液体培养基组成进行优化,得到大球盖菇1号最适液体培养基为蔗糖20 g·L^-1、蛋白胨6 g·L^-1、酵母膏2 g·L^-1、KH2PO43 g·L^-1、MgSO44.56 g·L^-1、玉米粉4.25 g·L^-1、VB12.43 g·L^-1,通过对模型进行验证试验,大球盖菇1号菌丝生物量为1.2154 g·150-1mL-1,较基础培养基相比生物量提高36.2%,且数学模型的预测值与试验观察值相符,相对误差约为1.9%,证明响应面法优化大球盖菇1号液体培养基可行。     

不同介质对真姬菇菌种保藏效果的对比

选择适宜的菌种保藏介质,是有效保障真姬菇菌种品质的重要一环,不仅关系到真姬菇栽培者的直接利益,也关系到种质资源的保存与延续。通过测定菌丝生长速率和菌丝脱氢酶活力,对22种真姬菇菌种保藏介质的保藏效果进行了对比分析。结果表明0.1%的PEG6000溶液对真姬菇菌种保藏6个月和9个月的整体保藏效果最好,其次是0.1%的PEG10000溶液与超纯水,再次是0.8%葡萄糖溶液和矿泉水。0.6%葡萄糖溶液仅适于真姬菇菌种9个月的保藏,纯净水仅适于真姬菇菌种6个月的保藏。其他介质的保藏效果略差。     

富马酸及其与甲酸钙复配替代抗生素对川藏黑猪日粮酸结合力及生产性能的影响

试验旨在评价富马酸及富马酸与甲酸钙复配剂取代饲用抗生素对川藏黑猪日粮酸结合力(ABC)及猪生产性能的影响。选用(52.36±9.76)kg左右健康黑猪50头,按体重、性别随机分为5个处理,每处理4重复,分别饲喂无抗负对照、抗生素正对照1(恩拉霉素+硫酸粘杆菌素)、抗生素正对照2(吉他霉素+硫酸粘杆菌素)、0.5%富马酸(FA)、0.5%的富马酸与甲酸钙复配剂产品(FA+CF)日粮。结果表明,与负对照比较,FA及FA+CF极显著降低饲料p H值及饲料ABC值(P=0.00)。28 d饲养试验结果表明,日粮处理的生产性能差异未达统计学显著水平(P≥0.05),但与负对照比较,FA及FA+CF处理日增重分别降低5.7%、3.5%,料重比(FCR)分别上升4.3%、8.4%;而正对照1、2比负对照日增重分别提高8.98%、5.38%,FCR分别降低4.74%、上升1.70%。与负对照比较,FA处理还导致猪腹泻率及腹泻指数显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)上升,FA及FA+CF处理分别降低养殖经济效益16.2%、15.13%。此结果显示,0.5%富马酸及0.5%的富马酸与甲酸钙复配剂不能起到饲用抗生素的促生长作用。     

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

A new Curvularia lunata variety discovered in Huanghuaihai Region in China

The purpose of this study was to identify the dominant pathogens of Curvularia leaf spot and their pathogenicity variation in Huanghuaihai Region of China in recent years. In 2013 and 2016–2017, the occurrences of Curvularia leaf spots on maize were investigated in fields located in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, and 292 fungi were isolated from diseased leaves. These fungal isolates were subjected to morphological identification, and 232 isolates were found to have about 70% uncurved conidia and were identified as Curvularia lunata var. Most of the conidia of 2 representative isolates, namely, HNWB-131 and HNWB-185, were oblong with parallel septations and were distinctly different from a reference isolate CX-3. For further determination, the internal transcribed spacer(ITS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH), the large subunit(LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha(EF1-α) sequences of HNWB-131, HNWB-185, and CX-3 were amplified and sequenced. The results of sequence analysis showed that the 4 gene sequences from the 3 isolates had a similarity of more than 99% to C. lunata. Based on the sequences of ITS and the combined data of the 4 genes, neighbor-joining trees were constructed for phylogenetic analysis. The results indicated that these 3 isolates were clustered together with C. lunata. The expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes in mycelia and conidia was significantly(P0.05) higher in CX-3 than in HNWB-131 and HNWB-185. This study found that the dominant pathogen of Curvularia leaf spot was a new variety of C. lunata with morphological variations in Huanghuaihai Region from 2013 to 2017. The pathogenicity of the C. lunata var. was not significantly enhanced, and the expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes of C. lunata var. was decreased.     

橄榄多酚类物质研究进展

橄榄是中国传统的药用植物，其中多酚类物质是橄榄重要的功效成分之一。目前，橄榄多酚类物质研究较为 广泛，常用的提取方法包括温浸法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声与微波协同辅助提取法等，分离纯化 后采用液相色谱或液质联用技术鉴定多酚类物质的种类和成分，并对其抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌消炎、抗癌抑癌、解酒 护肝和提高机体免疫等方面的药理活性进行验证。此外，橄榄多酚类物质合成和代谢分子机理也已经被初步阐释。基 于上述研究报道，本文进一步对橄榄多酚类物质后续研究方向和产业化开发利用前景进行展望。     

长梗润楠扦插生根对IBA、NAA和IAA的响应

长梗润楠(Machilus longipedicellata)是西南地区的特有树种之一,也是优良的绿化树种。以长梗润楠为试材,采用U_7(7~6)方法,研究了IBA、NAA、IAA对长梗润楠扦插生根的影响。结果表明:扦插9个月时,平均愈伤组织产生率、生根率、一级根数、一级根长和一级根直径分别为78.9%~85.6%、84.5%~92.2%、2.7~3.7条·株~-1、9.7~14.6cm和1.22~1.58mm;0.75g·L~(-1) IAA+0.4g·L~(-1) IBA组合的生根率、平均一级根数、一级根直径和根长分别达85.5%、3.5条·株-1、1.58mm和13.5cm,为生根性状综合指标较优的处理组合。穗条的生根率与愈伤组织产生率间呈极显著正相关(P≈0.0000.01),二者的相关模型为Y=26.846+0.629 X(R2=0.506,R2Adj=0.484)。