森林粗木质残体的贮量和碳库及其影响因素

粗木质残体(CWD)是森林生态系统重要的组成要素,由于定量研究某特定区域CWD的贮量和碳量的工作量相当大,需要长期的研究才能获得可信的数据,因此有关全球森林生态系统CWD的贮量和碳量仍不太清楚.本文根据国内外研究结果综述全球不同森林中CWD的贮量和碳库情况.结果表明:温带针叶林CWD贮量最高(30～200 t·hm-2),而阔叶林最低(8～50 t·hm-2);全球森林CWD碳贮量范围大致为75～114或157 Pg.各森林CWD贮量值变化大,因林龄、CWD分解阶段和人类经营活动(如疏伐、皆伐和控制火烧)而异.今后需更广泛地开展森林CWD调查,以更深刻理解CWD与林分结构、树种特性及干扰的关系.此外,为了更准确地评价CWD在森林生态系统中的生态价值,建议在更大尺度上对全球各类森林的CWD贮量和碳库进行长期的研究.     

新疆野苹果天然群体抗寒性的电阻抗图谱分析

以新疆巩留县和新源县2个居群下的7个新疆野苹果群体当年生枝条为材料,应用EIS法对各群体抗寒性进行测定,并与电导率法进行对比分析。结果表明:巩留和新源2个居群内群体间的半致死温度差异不显著,2个居群间的差异显著,巩留居群的半致死温度显著低于新源居群,证明巩留居群的抗寒性高于新源居群。电阻抗图谱法单-DCE模型中6个参数(τ,ψ,r,r1,re,ri)中,r1,re,τ3个参数可以得出供试样品的半致死温度,其中r1,re所得的半致死温度与电导率法相关系数达到极显著水平,说明参数r1,re适用于新疆野苹果的抗寒性测定。电阻抗图谱法(EIS)与电导率法的抗寒性测定结果基本一致,但省时、不需温育,具有更大优越性。     

“绿岭”核桃种仁充实期叶片与果实矿质元素含量变化规律

对早实核桃绿岭种仁充实期叶片与果实(种仁、青皮、硬壳)N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn等矿质元素含量和果实中不同组织质量的变化规律进行了研究,结果表明:绿岭种仁充实期坚果与种仁质量以及脂肪和总蛋白总量分别增加了5.91g(51.39%)、5.53g(73.47%)、4.24g(80.99%)、1.02g(69.24%)。叶片N,K,Fe,Mn含量均呈下降趋势,P,Mg,Zn含量呈上升趋势,Ca含量先降低再升高。种仁中N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn含量均成降低趋势,种仁中N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn的总量均呈增加趋势。青皮中N,P,Fe,Mn含量呈下降趋势,K,Ca,Mg,Zn含量先升高后降低。硬壳中N,P,Zn含量都呈下降趋势,K含量先升高后降低,Ca,Mg含量逐渐上升,Fe,Mn含量变化不大。种仁内脂肪总量与种仁中N,P,Fe,Mn,Zn总量呈极显著性正相关;与叶片中N,K,Mn,青皮中N,硬壳中P,Zn含量呈极显著性负相关;与青皮中P,Fe,Mn,硬壳中N含量呈显著性负相关。     

竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理间甲酚废水的研究

用紫外光对假单胞菌株进行诱变,以竹炭为载体,将紫外诱变假单胞菌固定在竹炭上,用竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理间甲酚水样。考察竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌投加量和水样pH值对间甲酚去除的影响以及进水浓度随反应时间的变化关系,研究竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌去除间甲酚的反应动力学。结果表明:相对于原菌株,菌株经紫外诱变后,生长周期缩短了6h。经紫外照射120s的假单胞菌可以在竹炭表面及内部孔隙形成明显菌胶团,诱变菌在竹炭上所成的生物量明显较未经诱变菌增加。竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌能有效地去除水样中间甲酚。竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌投加量和水样pH值影响到间甲酚的去除效果,pH值在4～6时,间甲酚的去除效果较好。20g竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理100mL初始浓度50,100,120,150,180mg·L-1间甲酚模拟水样42h,去除率依次为90.9%,76.4%,72.9%,64.6%和49.7%。竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌对间甲酚的去除能较好地符合零级反应方程。     

Neuroprotective labdane diterpenes from Fritillaria ebeiensis

By bioactivity-guided isolation, two labdane diterpenes (1 and 2) have been isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria ebeiensis. Their structures were elucidated as 6α,7β-dihydroxy-labda-8(17),12(E),14-triene (1) and 6-oxo-2α-hydroxy-labda-7,12(E), 14-triene (2), on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis (IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Both of the isolates showed neuroprotective effects against MPP⁺-induced neuronal cell death in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.     

Cellular mechanisms underlying Hyperin-induced relaxation of rat basilar artery

Background and aim

Hyperin, a flavonol compound extracted from the Chinese herb Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic, is reported to exert protective actions in cerebral ischemic injury. The specific aim of the present study was to study the relaxation of Hyperin in rat isolated basilar artery and identify the underlying cellular mechanisms.

Methods

Rat isolated basilar artery segments were cannulated and perfused while being superfused with PSS solution. Vessel images were recorded by video microscopy and diameters measured. Membrane potential was recorded using glass microelectrodes to evaluate the basilar artery smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization.

Results

Perfusion of Hyperin (1 ~ 100 μM) elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation of basilar artery segments preconstricted with 0.1 μM U46619. The response was significantly inhibited by the removal of the endothelium. Hyperin also elicited marked and concentration-dependent hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells. 30 μM nitro-L-arginine (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and indomethacin (an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase), partially inhibited Hyperin-induced relaxation and hyperpolarization leaving an attenuated, but significant, endothelium-dependent relaxation and hyperpolarization. This remaining effect was almost completely blocked by 1 mM tetraethylammonium (an inhibitor of Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels), or by 100 μM DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase (a synthase of the endogenous H₂S).

Conclusion

These findings show that Hyperin produces significant hyperpolarization in rat basilar artery smooth muscle cells and relaxation through both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. The underlying mechanisms appeared to be multi-factorial involving nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Our data further suggest that endogenous H₂S is a component of the EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization and relaxation to Hyperin.     

A novel aporphine alkaloid from Magnolia officinalis

A novel aporphine alkaloid, magnofficine (1), has been isolated from the root barks of the Chinese medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis, along with seven known compounds. Elucidations of their structures were achieved by spectroscopic methods. Magnofficine is the first example of an adduct of aporphine alkaloid and 4-hydroxyphenethylamino bridged by a methylene.     

Neuroprotective cadinane sesquiterpenes from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha

Three new cadinane sesquiterpenes, commiterpenes A−C (1−3), were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (IR, ESIMS, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). All the isolated sesquiterpenes showed neuroprotective effects against MPP⁺-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.     

不同农药对美国白蛾幼虫致死效果研究

利用8种不同类型的农药对美国白蛾3龄幼虫进行了致死效果试验。结果表明,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、25%高氯.辛硫磷乳油对美国白蛾致死速度最快,在36h的致死率均达100%。48%毒死蜱乳油、5.7%高氯.氟铃脲乳油在48h的致死率也达到了100%,3.2%阿维菌素乳油2000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了97.5%,0.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油1000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了90%。而5%氟铃脲乳油和5%灭幼脲乳油在72h对美国白蛾的致死率较低,仅分别达到27.6%、42.2%。     

落叶松人工林天然更新及近自然经营

红松在落叶松下更新能够将其诱导形成红松针阔混交林,笔者就落叶松林内阔叶树组成、红松更新情况、林下灌木和近自然经营进行了调查分析,发现落叶松的长势、其伴生阔叶乔木的状况在下坡位均占优势,下坡位更新的红松密度最大。林下植被均较丰富,为红松幼年生长提供了良好的森林环境。