南海大顶苦瓜规范化栽培技术

为了发挥广东省佛山市的传统特色蔬菜——大顶苦瓜的产品优势,提高农户的规范化栽培技术水平,在改良南海大顶苦瓜品种的基础上,制定出配套的规范化栽培技术措施,内容包括品种特性、产地环境要求、育苗、田间管理措施和采收,旨在进一步提高南海大顶苦瓜的生产效益,大力推广这一传统特色蔬菜品种。     

玉米-大豆带状间作下除草剂的筛选

采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了3种药剂(A1:60%乙·嗪·滴丁酯、A2:60%乙·嗪·滴丁酯+48%灭草松、A3:48%灭草松)与清水对照组(A4)在玉米-大豆间作条件下,玉米、大豆苗期农艺性状、株防效及药害等级和成熟期作物产量,考察了玉米-大豆带状复合种植模式下除草剂除草效果及安全性。结果表明:3种除草剂对反枝苋、马唐防效好,对刺儿菜防效较差。药后15 d,A1与A2对杂草的防除效果最好,均在75%以上,其中A2对马唐的株防效达到了100%。药后30 d,各处理下的鲜重防效均在80%以上,A1对反枝苋的株防除效果最好为88.89%。玉米、大豆产量在A2处理下最高,分别较清水对照组高33.7%、39.4%。3种除草剂对玉米、大豆幼苗都有一定的药害症状,但药害等级均小于1,从株防效和对作物产量的影响分析,A2更适用于玉米-大豆带状复合种植模式。     

春大棚基质化栽培辣椒品种比较试验

为了提高甜辣椒规模化、产业化生产的竞争力,进一步提高产量、效益和品质,加快甜辣椒栽培管理技术的推广和应用,特引进7个辣椒新品种并采用基质化栽培管理模式进行对比研究。通过对辣椒生长势、品质和产量的比较分析,结果表明:夏驰、国福908、海迈604表现突出,具有个大、肉厚、口感好、品质优、连续坐果性好等特点,而且产量、效益较高,抗病性强,适合设施基质化栽培生产,有很好的推广价值。     

心尖锚的力学分析

设计了一种六齿镍钛合金锚钩用于封堵器等二尖瓣、三尖瓣返流修复系统的心尖固定,并对其力学特性进行研究.通过分析心脏结构及解剖数据,确定锚钩形状和可控尺寸设计变量,利用Solidworks建立锚钩3D模型,运用Abaqus软件对23个不同尺寸锚钩模型的入鞘过程进行有限元计算,分析锚钩入鞘过程中的最大入鞘力、最大冯米塞斯应变和入鞘轨迹的影响因素.制作了一种规格锚钩实物,与计算结果进行对比分析.结果表明:鞘部长度、鞘部角度及齿宽对应力、应变的影响最大,可以通过减小鞘部长度、鞘部角度及齿宽,有效降低最大应力、应变值;厚度、曲率半径及齿宽对入鞘力起到决定性作用,而根长和角度对入鞘力的影响很小;轴向刺入深度主要通过控制鞘部长度及鞘部角度来定义,径向刺入深度则由曲率半径的大小所决定.研究可为需心尖固定的心脏介入产品设计提供一定的借鉴意义.     

Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens

We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control.     

Zerumbone attenuates MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibition of oxidative stress

AIM: To investigate the role of zerumbone (ZER) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro and the protective effect of ZER against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) was knocked-down by using PARK7-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The protein levels of PARK7, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: MMP⁺ remarkably reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The SH-SY5Y cell injury model was established by treatment with MPP⁺ at 600 μmol/L for 24 h. ZER up-regulated the protein levels of PARK7 and Nrf2 (P<0.05), alleviated apoptosis (P<0.05), and reduced ROS production (P<0.05) in the SH-SY5Y cell injury model. Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had the similar functions. Moreover, significant reductions in the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 (P<0.05), and obvious increases in apoptosis (P<0.05) and ROS level (P<0.05) were demonstrated in PARK7-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION: ZER protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxi-city, which may be related to activation of PARK7/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.     

灌溉方式与基施磷素对设施黄瓜产量的影响

以黄瓜为试材,采用小区试验对比的方法,研究了滴灌和畦灌条件下不同磷素用量对秋季大棚黄瓜产量的影响,以期为提高秋季大棚黄瓜产量提供参考依据。结果表明:滴灌大棚的黄瓜生长状况明显好于畦灌大棚,商品黄瓜产量显著提高(P0.05),各阶段用水总量278.3 mm,节水达41%。畦灌条件下,不施磷肥处理黄瓜果实产量显著低于磷肥处理(P0.05);滴灌条件下,过量的磷肥施用(P2O5100 kg·hm~(-2))导致黄瓜果实产量和品质显著下降(P0.05)。由此可见,滴灌条件下合理施用磷肥能够降低水资源消耗,提高磷肥利用效率,有利于黄瓜品质和产量的提升。     

苹果花脸病田间病情发展及ASSVd在组培条件下的传播

为了明确苹果锈果类病毒（apple scar skin viroid，ASSVd）引起的苹果花脸病在田间的病情发展情况以及ASSVd在组培条件下的传播方式，2012—2015年对河北省顺平南神南村3个果园进行持续调查和检测。结果显示，果园A、B、C的显症率分别从3.00%、19.35%和10.00%上升至10.00%、34.41%和22.00%，带毒率分别从11.00%、20.43%和14.00%上升至23.00%、37.63%和30.00%，带毒率和显症率都逐年增加，而且带毒率大于显症率，即有些带毒果树不显症。发病果树田间分布有明显的发病中心。通过高通量测序发现显症果树ASSVd vsiRNA reads数是带毒未显症reads数的4.08倍，同时实时荧光定量PCR检测发现显症树ASSVd病毒积累量显著高于带毒未显症树。以携带ASSVd的组培苗和无毒组培苗为试材，利用RT-PCR检测明确了ASSVd可通过伤口沾染带毒汁液、组培剪污染、含毒培养基、根系接触进行传播，其中根系接触传染率较高。     

特早熟高糖猕猴桃新品种‘金美’

‘金美’是从云南野外美味猕猴桃资源中选育出的绿肉高糖新品种。果实为卵形，果面黄褐色硬毛，果形整齐；平均单果质量60 ~ 80 g。果肉绿色或黄绿色，质嫩多汁，风味浓甜。软熟果实含可溶性固形物24.1%，可溶性总糖16.2%，总酸1.25%，维生素C 1 180 mg • kg-1，钾 342 mg • kg-1，钙84.2 mg • kg-1。在武汉地区8月果实成熟，此时果实采后7 d开始软熟，1 ~ 2 ℃低温和95%相对湿度下可存放100 ~ 120 d。盛果期产量22 t • hm-2。     

香蕉新品种‘南天红’

香蕉新品种‘南天红’由‘南天黄’的自然突变选育而成。假茎平均高度2.59 m，幼树假茎外表面暗红色，抽蕾后转绿。雄花苞片外表面常为深红色，花苞卷曲，常不脱落；从种植到收获11 ~ 13个月，单株产量25 kg，品质好。中高抗香蕉枯萎病4号小种，采用配套的栽培技术可在所有香蕉种植区推广。