干旱胁迫对木棉叶片若干生理生化指标的影响

在温室条件下,以一年生木棉盆栽苗为材料,研究不同干旱胁迫时间处理对木棉幼苗生理生化特性的影响。结果显示:木棉幼苗对干旱胁迫表现出明显的应激反应,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,叶片的相对含水量(RWC)降低,其体内与抗性密切相关的防御酶活性也随着干旱时间延长发生明显的变化,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,游离脯氨酸(PRO)和丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐增加,总生物量总体呈降低趋势,根冠比则随胁迫时间延长而逐渐升高。     

The synthesis of core-shell monodisperse P(St-MAA) microspheres and fabrication of photonic crystals Structure with Tunable Colors on polyester fabrics

The core-shell monodisperse P(St-MAA) microspheres with different diameters ranging from 200 nm to 400 nm were prepared by soap-free emulsion copolymerization, in which styrene (St) and methacrylic acid (MAA) were polymerizable monomers, and ammonium persulfate (APS) acted as initiator. The diameters and monodispersity of P(St-MAA) microspheres could be controlled by adjusting the concentrations of styrene, methacrylic acid and ammonium persulfate. The core-shell structure and chemical component distribution of the P(St-MAA) microspheres were confirmed by TEM and XPS. The photonic crystals on polyester fabrics with three-dimensionally ordered arrangement were fabricated by self-assembly of gravitational sedimentation with P(St-MAA) microspheres and exhibited brilliant structural colors without any chemical dyes and pigments. SEM, TEM and crystallographic analysis were applied to confirm a face centered cubic (fcc) structure of the photonic crystals on polyester fabrics. The versatile structural colors of the photonic crystals were dependent on the photonic band-gap which could be regulated by the spherical size of P(St-MAA) microspheres and viewing angles. This technology may provide a new strategy to color the fabrics and reduce the pollution in the current textile industry.     

Dissecting Genetic Basis of Deep Rooting in Dongxiang Wild Rice

Deep rooting is an important trait in rice drought resistance. Genetic resources of deep-rooting varieties are valuable in breeding of water-saving and drought-resistant rice. In the present study, 234 BC₂F₇ backcross introgression lines were derived from a cross of Dongye 80 (an accession of Dongxiang wild rice as the donor parent) and R974 (an indica restorer line as the recurrent parent). A genetic linkage map containing 1 977 bin markers was constructed by ddRADSeq for QTL analysis. Thirty-one QTLs for four root traits (the number of deep roots, the number of shallow roots, the total number of deep roots and the ratio of deep roots) were assessed on six rice chromosomes in two environments (2020 Shanghai and 2021 Hainan). Two of the QTLs, qDR5.1 and qTR5.2, were located on chromosome 5 in a 70-kb interval. They were detected in both environments. qDR5.1 explained 13.35% of the phenotypic variance in 2020 Shanghai and 12.01% of the phenotypic variance in 2021 Hainan. qTR5.2 accounted for 10.88% and 10.93% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. One QTL (qRDR2.2) for the ratio of deep roots was detected on chromosome 2 in a 210-kb interval and accounted for 6.72% of the phenotypic variance in 2020. The positive effects of these three QTLs were all from Dongxiang wild rice. Furthermore, nine and four putative candidate genes were identified in qRDR2.2 and qDR5.1/qTR5.2, respectively. These findings added to our knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in rice. In addition, this study will facilitate the future isolation of candidate genes of the deep-rooting trait and the utilization of Dongxiang wild rice in the improvement of rice drought resistance.     

企业价值创造能力的影响因素研究——来自黑龙江省的经验数据

选取沪深两市29家黑龙江省的上市公司为样本,从企业规模、风险状况、营利状况、现金流能力、未来发展潜力五个层面构建影响企业价值创造能力的因素指标体系,采用因子分析与多元回归法,对企业价值创造能力影响因素进行实证分析。研究表明:企业价值创造能力较低,黑龙江省的上市公司没有排进全国前100名(按EVA值排名);企业应该改善营利状况,尽量合理投资筹资使企业的现金流充沛,通过提高自身产品、质量服务等策略增强企业的未来发展潜力来提高企业价值创造能力水平,同时,不要盲目扩大企业规模导致负担过重,从而使企业价值创造能力水平相对降低。     

毛竹种群空间格局及分株间关联性——重复空间点格局分析

随着空间调查数据的增多和有重复的空间格局试验设计的需要,重复空间点格局分析方法不断得到研究和应用。采用有重复的空间点格局分析方法研究了不同营林模式下毛竹种群的空间分布格局及其分株间的空间关联性。结果表明：I类经营模式下形成的毛竹种群空间格局呈现随机分布,II类和III类经营模式分别在1.6-2.2 m和0.4-2.6 m尺度上达到了均匀分布的显著水平,表现为随着经营干扰强度的增大,毛竹种群在小尺度（〈3 m）上趋向于均匀分布;在较大尺度（〉4 m）上,3种营林模式毛竹种群空间格局均表现为随机分布;母株与新分株的空间关联性在3种营林模式下较为一致的表现出小尺度上的正关联,并在III类经营模式下,0.6 m、0.8 m和2.2 m尺度上达到了正关联的显著水平,而在较大尺度上,3种营林模式母株与新分株空间格局均表现为无明显的关联性。     

人工醇化上部烟叶重要中性致香物质与感官质量关系研究

为了探究人工醇化条件下烟叶重要中性致香物质和感官质量间关系,利用诸城地区烟叶进行研究。结果表明:醇化过程中重要中性致香物质含量发生极显著变化,其中类胡萝卜素降解产物、美拉德反应产物、芳香族氨基酸降解产物和其他类中性致香物质含量分别提升了82.67%、63.16%、276.74%和73.77%,叶绿素降解产物含量下降了32.33%,类西柏烷类降解产物含量无显著变化。美拉德反应产物与感官质量关系最为密切,且均为有利的影响;类西柏烷类降解产物对香气质和余味的作用是显著有利的;芳香族氨基酸降解产物对杂气、刺激性和总分的间接作用是显著有利的,相关系数分别为0.401、0.576和0.344;类胡萝卜素降解产物和叶绿素降解产物对感官质量有着不利影响;其他类中性致香物质对烟叶感官质量作用较小。逐步回归表明:感官质量与致香物质间回归关系显著,决定系数均在0.80以上,预测结果可靠。     

板栗气体射流冲击干燥特性和工艺优化

为了解决板栗深加工中的干燥问题,将气体射流冲击干燥技术应用于板栗干燥,研究了板栗仁在不同风温（70、75、80和85℃）和风速（10、12、14和16 m/s）下的干燥特性;根据单因素试验结果进行了风温、风速和预处理（不烫漂、100℃热水烫漂和100℃蒸汽烫漂）的正交试验。试验结果表明：板栗的整个干燥过程属于降速干燥,风温和风速对板栗的干燥速率均有显著影响,但风温对其的影响比风速更为突出;正交试验各因素对明亮度、蓝黄值和感官评分的影响顺序为：预处理＞风温＞风速,对缩短板栗干燥时间的影响顺序为：风温＞风速＞     

甘蓝SSR标记在近缘种青花菜的通用性及其应用

本研究对50条甘蓝SSR引物在其近缘种青花菜中的通用性进行了分析,结果表明,38对引物在青花菜上可有效扩增,扩增产物分子量在100～1500bp,有效扩增比率为76%,其中18%具有较好的多态性,揭示了两种作物基因组间存在一定的相似性。同时利用获得的多态性较好的9对引物对青花菜进行基因型鉴定和遗传多样性分析,20份青花菜基因型中共检测到51个基因位点,平均每个引物组合可扩增出5.67个条带,多态性为66.7%。多引物组合可鉴别出所有青花菜基因型。聚类分析结果表明同一来源的基因型间具有相近的遗传基础,且聚类与熟性具有一定的相关性。本研究为今后青花菜种质资源的收集、利用及分子标记辅助育种提供了新的SSR标记和参考。     

网络地理信息系统体系结构研究

简述了网络地理信息系统的概念及其基本特征,详细的探讨了网络地理信息系统的几种体系结构的优缺点。并结合实践和工程实际,提出了网络地理信息系统构建的几种方法。     

嫩板栗脱蒲试验台的设计与试验

基于国内板栗脱蒲机,针对六至八成熟的嫩板栗存在的机器脱蒲分离率低、适应性差、容易损伤及嫩板栗成熟周期短等问题,设计了一种嫩板栗脱蒲试验台。该试验台选用柔性挤压的脱蒲方法,利用旋转的脱蒲滚子与栅栏挤压杆相互揉搓挤压作用对嫩板栗进行脱蒲。该试验台的脱蒲滚子及栅栏挤压杆均可更换。通过试验对比,可以分析出不同类型的脱蒲滚子与挤压杆对板栗脱蒲的影响。此外,本试验台配备了变频器,可以在不更换电动机的前提下,将电动机的转速进行随意调节。测试结果表明:该试验台不同的脱蒲滚子、栅栏挤压杆及主轴的旋转速度都会对嫩板栗的脱蒲造成不同的影响,根据不同的数据可以为嫩板栗脱蒲机械提供不同的改善方案及理论依据。