THE CHARACTERS AND EFFECTS OF AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS IN DAHURIAN LARCH-MANCHURICA ASH MIXED SEEDLING STAND

Dahurianlarch(Larixgmelinii)isamaintreesPeciesinartificialstandsandManchuriaash(Fnainusma:dehurica)isavaluabIehardwoodsPeciesinti1eforestareaofnortheastChina.SomestUdiesrevealedthatthemixedstandbythetwospecieshadpositivemixedeffectSandnutritionrelationshipwasoneofthemaincausesforthepositiveeffects.lnsomeresearches,itwasfoundthatinline-belttwoflarch-ashmixedstand,theconcentra-tionofavailablephosphorusofsoilinlarchbeltwas2ntimesoftl1atinashbelt.Itisdeducedthatinsuchmixedstandtheashcanabsorbmo…     

Intramammary infusion of an Enterococcus faecium SF68 preparation promoted the involution of drying off Holstein cows partly related to neutrophil‐associated matrix metalloproteinase 9

A problem for dairy cows following milk stasis is to cope with a high risk of intramammary infection and there is a need to initiate an extensive renewal of secretory modules in mammary glands so that milk production in next lactation may be optimized. We recently reported that ultrasonicated Enterococcus faecium SF68 (SF68) is compatible with cow mammary glands and an enhancer of innate immunity during the immediate post‐milk stasis period. The current study further examines the concomitant effect of ultrasonicated SF68 on mammary tissue remodeling. Four Holstein cows each received intramammary infusions of regular antibiotic dry‐cow formula (positive control) and two different doses of SF68 in different quarters. Analyses of individual quarter secretion samples showed faster neutrophil infiltration, earlier modifications in protein composition, including caseins and lactoferrins, as well as more prompt elevation of the specific unit of 92‐kDa matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in SF68‐infused quarters compared to the positive controls. Intramammary infusion of ultrasonicated SF68 seems able to accelerate the regression of mammary synthetic capacity and potentiate the breakdown of glandular extracellular matrix, indicating a more efficient mammary gland involution. Correlation analyses imply that the ability of ultrasonicated SF68 to induce faster neutrophil chemotaxis and the associated MMP9 release is partly responsible.     

都市特色农业高质量发展对策研究——以奉化水蜜桃为例

都市特色农业是我国现代农业先进生产力的代表,现阶段面临不少发展难题,尤其是新冠肺炎疫情进一步制约了都市特色农业的高质量发展.为此,在对都市特色农业的产生及运作机理、内涵特征与分类等进行理论分析的基础上,选取都市特色农业中代表性较强、知名度较高的奉化水蜜桃作为案例,在宏观数据分析与微观实地调研的基础上,提炼出奉化水蜜桃产业存在的栽培设施化及机械化应用程度依然较低、标准化生产较为欠缺、初精深加工严重不足、融合发展不足及品牌运营较差等5方面问题.研究认为,推进标准化生产、引导适度规模经营、加快发展农产品加工业、强化农业品牌管理、深入推进农旅文融合发展等举措是实现我国都市特色农业高质量发展的关键.     

欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌双组分基因缺失突变及其生物学表型分析

  目的  欧美杨细菌性溃疡病是革兰氏阴性细菌Lonsdalea populi引起的杨树枝干病害,其危害严重,已造成欧美杨人工林的重要经济损失。双组分系统是细菌致病过程的关键调控途径之一。目前,欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌的双组分系统如何调控致病过程仍缺乏系统研究。因此,本研究开展欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌的双组分编码基因的缺失突变及突变体表型分析,为深入解析其致病机制提供遗传材料。  方法  本研究以欧美杨溃疡病菌菌株N-5-1为研究对象,利用双亲结合方法获得了28个双组分系统基因的缺失突变体,并通过表型测定方法分析了这些基因突变体的致病性、生长、游动性、生物膜形成和抗逆性等表型特征,研究不同双组分系统编码基因对该病菌致病过程的调控。  结果  构建了36个欧美杨溃疡病菌的双组分编码基因的敲除重组载体,获得了28个基因的缺失突变体。致病性测定表明18个双组分基因的敲除降低了病原菌的毒性,其中8个突变体毒性丧失。此外,还获得了调控游动性和生物膜形成能力的突变体以及在逆境胁迫反应（金属离子、盐离子、抗生素等胁迫）有缺陷的突变体。  结论  本研究获得了5个显著影响欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌毒性及其他生物表型的双组分基因,为后续双组分信号调控致病机制研究提供了遗传材料。      

日本黄姑鱼Nibea japonica(Temminck et Schlegel)的耐温性研究

2005年1月、7月在浙江省海洋水产研究所西轩试验场,对200ind日本黄姑鱼Ⅰ龄鱼进行耐高温与低温的一系列试验,并对日本黄姑鱼在高温和低温时的摄食和活动能力进行观察,结果表明：日本黄姑鱼的生存极限水温最高为34℃,最低为8℃;越冬的安全温度为10℃;摄食温度为10～32℃之间。     

Beneficial effects of n-3HUFA enriched Artemia as food for larval palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis × M. chrysops)

The beneficial effects of feeding n−3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA ≥ 20 carbon fatty acids with three or more double bonds) to palmetto bass (striped bass × white bass) larvae, 4–30 days of age, were studied using Artemia diets enriched with six n-3HUFA levels. Dietary n-3HUFA concentrations were < 0.03% (control diet), 0.33%, 0.63%, 0.87%, 1.26%, and 2.27% of dry-wt Artemia. Larval n-3HUFA contents were reduced at a faster rate with decreasing dietary n-3HUFA intake, and were significantly different by 30 days posthatch (4–20 mg g⁻¹ dry-wt fish). Starved larvae selectively conserved endogenous n-3HUFA reserves, indicating an essential role of n-3HUFA in larval development. Mass mortality in the control and 0.33% n-3HUFA diets occurred at metamorphosis (26–28 days posthatch). At harvest, all fish, except those fed the two highest n-3HUFA diets, suffered from handling stress (shock syndrome) with increasing severity (25 to 100%) at decreasing dietary n-3HUFA intake. Recovery from shock syndrome was 100% at the 0.63% and 0.87% n-3HUFA diets, 63% at the 0.33% n-3HUFA diet and 0% at the control diet. Post-harvest survival was similar among the four highest dietary n-3HUFA groups (64–73%), whereas the two lowest n-3HUFA groups differed significantly (0 and 37%). Growth promotion was evident with increased dietary n-3HUFA intake as fish fed the highest n-3HUFA diet were twice the size of those fed the control diet (99 vs 52 mg wet-wt). Final fish sizes at the three highest n-3HUFA diets were similar. Given similar culture conditions, a minimum dietary n-3HUFA intake of 1.26% of dry-wt Artermia is recommended to avoid handling stress and promote growth in larval palmetto bass.     

液力偶合器三维涡识别方法及流场时空演化

精细刻画液力偶合器内部非定常多尺度三维涡结构对于揭示液力偶合器流场时空演化规律与能量损耗机理具有重要意义。该研究基于计算流体动力学理论,采用应力混合涡湍流模型多尺度解析模拟制动工况下液力偶合器三维旋涡流场。通过3种不同的涡识别方法提取涡轮内部多尺度涡系结构,从空间重构效果、阈值选择范围及敏感性角度分析不同涡识别方法的适用性。依托粒子图像测速（Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV）流场试验验证数值模拟及涡结构辨识结果的准确性与可靠性。围绕三维涡结构特征解析结果和二维流场图谱信息,分析并揭示流道内部湍流的时空演化规律及能量损耗机理。结果表明：Q准则方法的阈值选择盲目性大,难以同时识别强涡与弱涡结构,丢失很多涡结构细节特征,无法准确预测三维涡空间连续性运动趋势;Ω方法能够在阈值范围为0.51～0.59内精确辨识弱涡结构,但涡系空间重构后涡的运动趋势感不强;ΩL方法对阈值不敏感,在阈值范围为0.51～0.67内该方法空间涡系重构效果最好,强涡、弱涡结构特征识别度高。制动工况下涡轮内部整体流动为逆时针大尺度环流,并伴有小尺度涡流等局部流动现象,与主流涡运动相同旋向的旋涡促进主流旋涡运动,相反旋向的旋涡阻碍主流旋涡运动,由于涡的撕裂、破碎、分离、碰撞、摩擦、挤压等作用,导致流体能量损失,以热能形式耗散。研究结果可为液力偶合器结构设计与优化提供理论与技术指导。     

膜上苗带覆土装置设计与试验研究

在花生机械化播种过程中,膜上苗带覆土的性能直接影响到播种的质量,进而影响到花生的产量.该文基于2BFD-2C型花生覆膜播种机,根据花生种植农艺要求和膜上苗带覆土的技术要求,设计了膜上苗带覆土装置.该装置主要由覆土圆盘、覆土滚筒、漏土缝隙、挡土板和导土板等组成,可一次性完成覆土压膜,横向送土,膜上覆土形成筑土带等作业.该文通过试验确定了各零部件的形式和最优结构参数,进一步提高了播种效率和播种质量,为多功能花生覆膜播种机的膜上苗带覆土装置的设计与应用奠定了一定的理论基础.     

永定县水土流失遥感调查方法与技术研究

由于南方多山,以往遥感调查采用的植被覆盖度的计算方法受山体阴影等地物的干扰影响较大,为了减少干扰,本文用复合植被指数(VBSI)替换了传统的归一化植被指数(NDVI),利用其能降低山体阴影等地物干扰影响的特点,使用卫星影像对永定县水土流失进行遥感调查,总结出更适合山地丘陵地区的遥感调查方法。     

葡萄裂果病综合防治试验

为有效防治葡萄裂果病，以乍娜和巨峰为材料，进行了综合防治试验，结果表明，采用控制负载量，调整浇灌次数，土施多效唑、适时喷洒多年农化学药剂等以生态调控为主的综合技术，可以使葡萄裂果率降至１０－１２％以下，裂果后的腐烂率降至７￣８％以下，有效地控制了葡萄裂果病的发生和危害。