Transpositional feeding rhythm of loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</Emphasis> from larvae to juveniles and its ontogenesis under artificial rearing conditions

The diel feeding rhythm and ontogenesis during early life stage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated under experimental conditions (light: L 06:00–18:00, D 18:00–06:00 h). Morphological and behavioral developments of loach from newly hatched to 40 days after hatching were observed. Larvae were able to prey on daphnia 3–4 days after hatching at 23 ± 0.5°C. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity and incidence for day-4 larvae were highest at 10:00 and 16:00 h. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-12 larvae occurred at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h as did feeding incidence. By day 20, when the larvae metamorphosed, the highest levels of feeding intensity occurred at 06:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h and were concurrent with the highest feeding incidence. After metamorphosis, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages before day 20, feeding intensity for day-30 juveniles peaked at 05:00 and 20:00 h, about 1–2 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The feeding rhythm of loach juveniles at day 40 was almost the same as the day-30 juveniles. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 43.1%, 33.4%, 19.0%, 12.8%, and 5.8% of body weight on days 4, 12, 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Thus, loach was found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in daytime during the larval planktonic stage before metamorphosis, and intensely nocturnal feeding behavior during the juvenile benthic stage after metamorphosis.     

Compensatory growth and body composition of juvenile black rockfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sebastes schlegeli</Emphasis> following feed deprivation

ABSTRACT:   Compensatory growth, feeding rate, feed efficiency and chemical composition of juvenile black rockfish (mean weight 1.43 g) were investigated for 35 days after a 14-day feed deprivation treatment under four feeding conditions: one group continuously fed (control) and the other three groups fasted for 5 days (F5), 10 days (F10) and 14 days (F14). All fasted fish were re-fed from day 15. Only F5 achieved the same body weight as the control, indicating that complete compensation occurred in F5. The specific growth rate (SGR) of F5 was the highest at day 21 and then decreased thereafter, showing higher values than the control at days 21, 28 and 42. In contrast, although SGRs of F10 and F14 were higher than that of the control during the whole refeeding period except day 21, they did not catch up the control in body mass, indicating that only partial compensation occurred in F10 and F14. The feeding rate (FR) of all groups except F14 changed in a pattern similar to SGR (Spearman's rank correlation, r _s > 0.9), suggesting that SGR varied depending on FR. Similar feeding efficiencies (FEs) were found in the four groups and they did not vary significantly during the whole refeeding period, suggesting that FE was not the factor affecting SGR. At day 14, the ratios of lipid to lean body mass in F10 and F14 were lower than those in the control and F5, and there was no difference between the control and F5. At day 49, however, only F14 showed a lower value than the other three groups, and there was no difference among the three groups. These results indicate that juvenile black rockfish fasted for 5–14 days can exhibit compensatory growth after refeeding, but timing and degree vary depending on the duration of feed deprivation.     

松毛虫赤眼蜂对柞蚕灰卵的寄生选择与适应性

为明确柞蚕Antheraea pernyi灰卵(工厂化繁育赤眼蜂过程中广泛存在的一种感病寄主卵)对松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi寄生选择与适应性及其繁育子代蜂寄生能力的影响,以柞蚕灰卵作为供试寄主,健康卵作为对照,在无选择和双向选择条件下研究松毛虫赤眼蜂对其的寄生选择与适应性,并比较灰卵和健康卵繁育的子代蜂对0、1、2、3日龄米蛾Corcyra cephalonica卵的寄生能力。结果表明,在无选择条件下,松毛虫赤眼蜂在灰卵上的寄生率、羽化率、单卵出蜂数和总蜂数分别为30.0%、54.1%、39.3头和48.7头,而在健康卵上分别达到96.0%、93.0%、82.5头和96.8头。在双向选择条件下,松毛虫赤眼蜂在灰卵上的寄生率、羽化率、单卵出蜂数和总蜂数分别为33.3%、27.1%、24.7头和52.2头,而在健康卵上分别为68.0%、86.3%、60.6头和74.2头。在无选择和双向选择条件下,松毛虫赤眼蜂在灰卵和健康卵上的发育历期和后代雌性比均不存在显著差异,但灰卵繁育的子代蜂对1、2日龄米蛾卵的寄生数则显著低于健康卵繁育的子代蜂,且后者对米蛾卵的寄生数随着米蛾卵日龄的增加呈逐渐下降趋势,而灰卵繁育的子代蜂对0、3日龄米蛾卵的寄生数要显著高于1、2日龄的。表明柞蚕灰卵会对松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄主选择与适应性以及子代蜂的寄生能力产生不良影响。     

水杉人工林抚育间伐的效果比较

在１５ａ生水杉人工林内设立标准地，定量机械间伐，定期测定生长量，对抚育间伐７ａ后的效果及经济效益进行分析，结果表明：（１）不同初植密度的林分采用较小的强度ｐｎ＝２５％，３３％进行间伐，与对照林分相比，平均每公顷生长量分别提高５．９７，９．２７ｍ３，增加９．５７％，１４．８７％；采用较大强度ｐｎ＝５０％进行间伐，与对照林分相比，平均每公顷生长量下降９．７ｍ３，减少１５．５７％。（２）抚育间伐过的林分（间伐强度ｐｎ＝２５％，３３％，５０％）与对照林分相比，单位面积保留木平均生长率分别提高１．３４％，２．００％，１．９７％。（３）抚育间伐的林分与对照林分相比，平均每公顷总产值和利润分别增加６２７８，５７８４元，增长７．７％，９．５％。     

智能家居控制系统设计与实现

该智能家居控制系统是以STC90C516RD+单片机为控制核心,根据不同的反馈信息与用户的设定信息相结合的方式来进行远程控制,达到家电智能启动、停止的目的,同时用户可以通过手机控制家中电器的开关。容     

哈密地区特色林木种质资源价值评估及保护利用对策

根据哈密地区林木种质资源的全面调查结果和通过对当地林木种质资源现状分析,根据其具体可利用情况划分为商业价值、生态价值、科学价值3大类,并进行开发利用前景评估.通过分析哈密地区林木种质资源在开发利用中存在的问题,对应地提出了林木种质资源保护与利用对策,,为哈密当地开发利用有价值的林木种质资源提供了参考和依据.     

食用菌壳聚糖-卡波姆复合凝胶的稳定性及其抑菌效果

以食用菌壳聚糖为原料,卡波姆为凝胶增稠剂,三乙醇胺为中和剂制备含1%壳聚糖的壳聚糖-卡波姆复合凝胶,通过研究p H对该复合凝胶稳定性、色度、水分活度、质构特征及抑菌效果的影响,确定复合凝胶的最优p H值.结果表明:壳聚糖凝胶与卡波姆具有较好的相容性,复合凝胶的质地均匀细腻,无异味,性质温和,稳定性好;p H对复合凝胶的外观特性、水分活度、质构特性影响较小,但p H值越大,贮藏期内霉变越小;p H 7.0~7.5的复合凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)和白色假丝酵母菌(Candida albicans)的抑菌效果特别明显,抑菌率分别为92%、94%和96%.