不同佐剂新城疫疫苗对鸡体液免疫的影响

佐剂是疫苗研究的重要组成部分.选择合适的佐剂不仅可以增强疫苗的免疫效果,而且可以提高机体的抵抗力.不同佐剂对体液免疫会产生不同的作用.本研究选用白油佐剂、弗氏佐剂和蜂胶佐荆与新城疫病毒抗原混合制成疫苗,免疫雏鸡,探讨不同佐剂对鸡体液免疫的影响.结果表明,三种佐剂疫苗均有保护力,试验鸡饲养至61日龄均未发生新城疫,其中弗氏佐剂的效果最好,蜂胶佐剂的效果次之,油佐剂组检测到雏鸡61日龄时仍未出现抗体高峰值.     

蒙古马血液蛋白(酶)多态性研究

研究分别对乌珠穆沁马、乌审马、锡尼河马和巴尔虎马4个蒙古马类群共计221匹马的运铁蛋白（Tf）、前白蛋白（Pr）、血清酯酶（Es）、白蛋白（ALb）、碳酸酐酶（CA）、α1-B糖蛋白（A1B）、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（PGD）、VD结合蛋白（GC）8个蛋白座位进行检测。群体遗传变异指标计算结果表明,4个类群蒙古马8个蛋白（酶）座位的平均杂合度为：锡尼河马0.3783,巴尔虎马0.3666,乌珠穆沁马0.3296,乌审马0.3056。根据基因频率计算Nei氏遗传距离进行分析。结果表明,巴尔虎马和锡尼河马之间的遗传距离最近,它们与乌珠穆沁马、乌审马的遗传距离相对较远。     

甜菜碱对长吻(鱼危)鱼主要消化器官蛋白酶的影响

用单因子试验设计原理,将平均体长为(6±0.5)cm,平均体质量为5g/尾的长吻鱼危鱼种300尾随机分为10个试验组,在基础配方相同的饲料中分别添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%和0.7%的甜菜碱进行养殖对比试验,测定肠道及肝胰脏中蛋白酶活性的变化,并与对照组进行对比。试验结果表明,饲料中添加甜菜碱能提高长吻鱼危鱼肠道和肝胰脏中的蛋白酶活性。肠道中蛋白酶活性以0.5%的添加量最为明显,添加量为0.3%和0.7%的次之,0.1%的添加量效果最差;肝胰脏蛋白酶活性以0.7%的添加量最为明显,添加量为0.3%和0.5%的次之,0.1%的添加量效果最差。     

Modifying Myxococcus xanthus protoporphyrinogen oxidase to plant codon usage and high level of oxyfluorfen resistance in transgenic rice

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) of Myxococcus xanthus (Mx Protox) is a 49-kDa membrane protein that catalyzes conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) into protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX). Upon heterologous expression in transgenic rice plants, Mx Protox is dually targeted into plastids and mitochondria, increasing resistance against the herbicidal Protox inhibitor oxyfluorfen. Here, we describe the chemical synthesis of the Mx Protox gene by assembling several small synthetic DNA fragments derived by ligation-PCR. Codon usage in the resulting 1416-bp gene was modified to correspond to that of the Arabidopsis Protox gene, a change that resulted in a decrease in G+C content from 71 to 49%. The modified Mx Protox gene was used to generate transgenic rice plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Integration, expression, and inheritance of the transgenes were demonstrated by Southern, Northern, and Western blot analyses. In plants transformed with the modified, low G+C-content Mx Protox gene, levels of Protox expression and enzyme activity were low compared to the levels observed for plants transformed with the native Mx Protox gene. Nonetheless, like the native gene, the modified gene conferred a high level of resistance to the herbicide oxyfluorfen in a seedling growth test.     

添加酒糟和玉米粉对花生壳微贮效果的影响

通过测定单独的花生壳原样及花生壳中添加10%的酒糟或玉米粉经过微贮后其有机物(粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物)及营养价值的变化情况,研究花生壳的微贮效果。试验结果表明:花生壳经过微贮后营养价值有所提高,原料花生壳中CP含量为9.85%,而微贮后纯花生壳中CP含量为10.99%,添加酒糟和玉米粉微贮后的花生壳中CP含量分别为12.13%、13.25%,微贮后单独的花生壳、添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳中CP含量和原料花生壳相比分别上升了11.57%、23.15%、34.52%,添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳中CP与原样CP含量相比差异显著;原料花生壳中CF含量为70.82%,而微贮后纯花生壳中CF含量为69.44%,添加酒糟和玉米粉微贮后的花生壳中CF含量分别为68.56%、67.41%,微贮后纯花生壳、添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳中CF含量和原料花生壳相比分别下降了1.95%、3.19%、4.82%,添加酒糟和玉米粉的花生壳CF与原样CF含量相比差异显著;在花生壳中添加玉米粉效果比添加酒糟效果好。     

扶正解毒散超微粉对人工感染传染性法氏囊病预防试验

以扶正解毒散超微粉1%、0.5%、0.25%浓度拌料给药,通过死亡率、血清中抗体滴度及增重等指标评价预防效果。结果表明:扶正解毒散超微粉高、中剂量组对抗体、脾脏代偿性增重以及平均增重效果均较突出。临床推荐剂量为0.5%浓度拌料,自由采食饮水,连用5 d。     

家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展马红霞

从家蝇抗菌肽的分类、结构特点、作用机理、诱变、活性检验以及分子生物学研究等方面介绍了家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展。家蝇抗菌肽独特的作用机理、成熟的诱导、分离纯化技术及其相关基因的克隆、表达等研究成果均为对家蝇抗菌肽进行更深入的研究奠定了基础。采用分子生物学技术有望筛选并制备大量的高效家蝇抗菌肽。     

Enhancement of protective immune responses by oral vaccination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing recombinant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIA or ApxIIA in mice

We previously induced protective immune response by oral immunization with yeast expressing the ApxIIA antigen. The ApxI antigen is also an important factor in the protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 infection; therefore, the protective immunity in mice following oral immunization with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing either ApxIA (group C) or ApxIIA (group D) alone or both (group E) was compared with that in two control groups (group A and B). The immunogenicity of the rApxIA antigen derived from the yeast was confirmed by a high survival rate and an ApxIA-specific IgG antibody response (p < 0.01). The highest systemic (IgG) and local (IgA) humoral immune responses to ApxIA and ApxIIA were detected in group E after the third immunization (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 after challenge with an A. pleuropneumoniae field isolate did not change significantly in the vaccinated groups. The level of TNF-α increased in a time-dependent manner in group E but was not significantly different after the challenge. After the challenge, the mice in group E had a significantly lower infectious burden and a higher level of protection than the mice in the other groups (p < 0.05). The survival rate in each group was closely correlated to the immune response and histopathological observations in the lung following the challenge. These results suggested that immunity to the ApxIA antigen is required for optimal protection.     

Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus faecalis from Fur-bearing Animals

In order to obtain Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals and evaluate its prebiotic properties,in this study,Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the feces of healthy adult fur-bearing animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog),identified by morphological observation,biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The growth curve,acid production capacity and antibiotic sensitivity of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates were measured to evaluate their probiotic properties.Some strains were selected to determine their tolerance to temperature,artificial gastric juice and artificial bile salt.The results showed that five strains were Gram-positive,and their biochemical characteristics were basically consistent with the standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis,and they were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The five strains all entered the logarithmic phase at 2 h after culture,and entered the stable phase at 8-10 h,and had weak acid production capacity.The resistance rate of the isolates to tetracycline and levofloxacin was 100%,followed by penicillin (80%),erythromycin (80%),gentamicin (80%) and chloramphenicol (40%).All the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis from mink,fox and raccoon dog had strong tolerance to temperature below 60 ℃,artificial gastric juice with pH>3.0 and 0.3%-0.5% concentration of bile salt,but poor tolerance to temperature above 70 ℃,and artificial gastric juice with pH<3.0.In conclusion,five strains of Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog) were obtained in this study.The isolated strains propagated rapidly,which were suitable for colonization and played a prebiotic role in fur animals' intestines,and had good prebiotic characteristics and stress resistance.They could be used as candidate strains for animal microbiological agents for further study.     

湖南两江峡谷森林公园夏季鸟类资源调查

2007年7月4～11日,对湖南两江峡谷森林公园夏季鸟类资源进行了调查。通过样线调查法并结合鸟网捕捉,共记录到68种鸟类,隶属于14目31科,占湖南省400种鸟类的17.00%。其中53种属东洋界种类、3种属古北界种类、12种属广布种;留鸟60种、夏候鸟8种。8种鸟类属国家Ⅱ级保护动物,占鸟类物种数的11.76%。根据调查结果与分析,提出了鸟类资源保护与利用的合理性建议。