不同甘蔗品种对干旱和复水的生态生理响应

[目的]研究干旱胁迫及复水对6个甘蔗品种的生态生理效应,为甘蔗抗旱育种和栽培提供参考依据.[方法]采用温室人工控水的方法,调查并比较干旱胁迫及复水期间6个甘蔗品种的农艺性状及生理生态指标的变化,以探讨不同甘蔗品种的耐旱性及复水后恢复能力.[结果]在干旱和复水条件下,不同品种的各个指标在不同时期的变化各不相同,且均在复水后得到恢复.6个甘蔗品种抗旱性由强到弱为:GT28> ROC22 >GF98-296> GT21 >B8 >ROC 16;旱后恢复能力由强到弱排序为:GT28>ROC22 >B8 >GF98-296>GT21 >ROC16.[结论]绿叶数、细胞质膜透性以及可溶性糖、叶绿素、MDA含量可作为不同甘蔗品种抗旱性鉴定的重要指标.GT28、ROC22、GF98-296的抗旱性表现较好;新品种B8抗旱性表现一般,但是旱后丰产性能较好;ROC16抗旱能力及恢复能力最弱.     

拟茎点霉属及其病害研究进展

拟茎点霉属真菌既是重要的植物病原,引起多种病害,又是植物的一种内生真菌,与植物相互作用。对拟茎点霉属形态特征、分类地位、寄主、危害、生物学特性、寄生性、鉴定方法和病害防治等最新研究进展进行综述,并指出存在问题和今后的研究方向,为拟茎点霉属的进一步研究提供了参考。     

Spinnability in pre-gelled gel spinning of polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers

The spinnability in pre-gelled gel spinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fibers was investigated. The spinning solutions were aged at 25 °C for different times prior to fiber spinning. The pre-gelled spinning solution aged for 2.5 h was much more strain hardening than the ungelled one, which can increase the spinnability of the solution. The maximum take-up velocity of the first winding roller V _1m, which reflects the spinnability of the spinning solutions, was found to be largest when the aging time was 1.5 h. The spinnability increased with the increase of the air gap length and the lengthdiameter ratio L/D of the spinnerette. Once the L/D increased beyond 15, the spinnability hardly changed. The fibers spun from the spinning solution aged for 1.5 h had the best mechanical properties and favorable structure, showing that good spinnability favors the performance increase of resultant PAN precursor fibers.     

Effects of air gap entrapped in multilayer fabrics and moisture on thermal protective performance

Thermal protection of firefighter protective clothing is greatly influenced by the air gap entrapped and moisture in clothing. In this paper, the effects of air gap size and position on thermal protective performance exposed to 84 kW/m² heat source were investigated. Water was also added to thermal liner to understand the effect of air gap coupled with moisture on thermal protection. It was indicated that the TPP of fabrics system increased with the air gap size. The air gap position also greatly influenced the heat transfer during exposure to flash fire. Moisture added weakened the positive effect of air gap size when the air gap exists far from heat source, and almost eliminated the favorable effect of air gap position. However, when there is no air gap or small air gap between outer shell fabric and moisture barrier, moisture increased the thermal protection performance of multilayer fabrics system. The results obtained suggested that certain air gap entrapped in fabrics system and clothing microclimate could improve thermal protection, and the complicated effect of moisture should also be considered.     

GC测定川苏救心软胶囊中龙脑的含量

目的 建立川苏救心软胶囊中龙脑的含量测定方法.方法 采用GC仪器:上分1102GC,GCD-300A全自动氢气发生器;固定相:10％聚乙二醇已二酸酯;柱温:程序升温:60℃,维持2分钟,然后以5℃/min速度升温,升温至100℃;理论板数:应不低于1900.结果龙脑在0.00832μg～0.208 μg(r=0.9999)范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为100.7％,RSD=2.38％.结论方法简便可行、易于操作、准确、可靠,适用于川苏救心软胶囊的质量控制.     

Rosmarinic Acid from Eelgrass Shows Nematicidal and Antibacterial Activities against Pine Wood Nematode and Its Carrying Bacteria

Pine wilt disease (PWD), a destructive disease for pine trees, is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and additional bacteria. In this study, extracts of Zostera marina showed a high nematicidal activity against PWN and some of the bacteria that it carries. Light yellow crystals were obtained from extracts of Z. marina through solvent extraction, followed by chromatography on AB-8 resin and crystallization. The NMR and HPLC analysis showed that the isolated compound was rosmarinic acid (RosA). RosA showed effective nematicidal activity, of which the LC₅₀ (50% lethal concentration) to PWN at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h was 1.18 mg/g, 1.05 mg/g and 0.95 mg/g, respectively. To get a high yield rate of RosA from Z. marina, single factor experiments and an L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal experiment were performed. This extraction process involved 70% ethanol for 3 h at 40 °C. The extraction dosage was 1:50 (w/v). The highest yield of RosA from Zostera was 3.13 mg/g DW (dried weight). The crude extracts of Zostera marina (10 mg/mL) and RosA (1 mg/mL) also showed inhibitory effects to some bacterial strains carried by PWN: Klebsiella sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Streptomyces sp. and Pantoea agglomerans. The results of these studies provide clues for preparing pesticide to control PWD from Z. marina.     

NaOH改性稻秆对亚甲基蓝染料吸附性能的研究

为解决农村稻秆的资源化利用问题,将稻秆用NaOH改性做吸附剂处理亚甲基蓝染料废水;考察pH值、吸附剂投加量、染料浓度和温度对染料吸附性能的影响;分析改性稻秆对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附动力学过程。研究结果表明,亚甲基蓝浓度为150mg/L,pH值为12、吸附剂投加量为4g/L时,改性稻秆对亚甲基蓝染料有很好的去除效果,染料的吸附率达到98.1%;改性稻秆对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附符合Freundlich等温模型,最大吸附量为52.910mg/g,升高温度能够增加吸附剂对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附效果;改性稻秆吸附亚甲基蓝是一个快速吸附过程,符合伪二级吸附动力学方程。     

烤烟幼苗根系在低温胁迫后的形态及生理生态响应

根系作为重要的吸收器官和代谢器官,其生长状况不仅直接控制着植物吸收水分和养分,而且制约着植株地上部分生长的好坏。温度是影响烤烟幼苗根系发育的重要因素之一。南方多数烟区育苗阶段早春低温严重,影响着健壮烟苗的培育。为此,选用云烟87(YY87)、Msk326(K326)和云烟85(YY85)等3个品种烤烟幼苗,在5～7℃条件下分别处理2,4及6d,研究烤烟幼苗根系在低温胁迫后的形态及生理生态响应。结果表明:YY87低温胁迫处理不同时间后,SOD,POD,CAT酶活性均有不同程度上升;K326在处理2 d及4 d后,3种酶活力均较对照明显下降;而YY85的SOD酶活性上升,CAT和POD活性则表现下降。就根系活力而言,YY87在不同低温处理时间均表现为上升;而K326及YY85则表现为短时间(2d)低温胁迫根系活力受到抑制,随着处理时间延长,其根系活力又逐渐增强。低温处理2d后,YY87根平均直径、根表面积和根体积显著下降,但随着胁迫时间延长则恢复正常;K326则在低温处理2d后根直径、根长、根表面积和根体积均达到最大,其后逐渐降低;YY85则表现根表面积和体积均有不同程度下降。由此表明,不同品种幼苗根系受到低温胁迫后其根系形态及生理生态指标存在着不同的响应机制。     

基于无线传感器网络的温湿度监测系统设计与实现

给出了以CC2430芯片为核心的环境监测无线传感器网络实现方案.设计中充分考虑到节点的剩余能量、链路质量和节点负载等因素,提出了一种能耗均衡树算法,使网络节点的负载逐渐趋于均衡,解决了因负载分配不均衡,使得网络节点出现过早失效、缩短网络寿命问题.实验表明,算法可均衡节点负载,延长网络的生存时间,实现网络的长效运行.     

温室3P3R机械臂系统动力学建模与分析

针对温室等设施农业环境,设计了一种具有3P3R机械臂结构的机器人,为了分析机械臂的操作性能并实现精确运动控制,对机械臂进行了运动学和动力学分析;采用Kane方法和旋量理论分析方法建立了机器人的操作臂运动学和动力学模型,利用该模型,针对原理样机的具体结构,在Mathematica环境下研究了机械臂的操作性能,得到在一定作业任务规划下,末端执行器的位姿变化规律,以及按照该规划轨迹运动时各关节的驱动力;结果表明,结合了Kane方法和旋量理论的动力学模型具有准确、简单、有效等特点,能够满足机械臂的运动学、动力学分析的要求。