L-肉碱在水产动物中的应用

肉碱学名γ-三甲胺-β-羟丁酸，它的结构与甜菜碱以及胆碱相似，是一种类维生素营养素。肉碱是长链脂肪酸进入线粒体进行β-氧化所必需的，它的分子量为162，分为左旋和右旋两种异构体。由于肉碱乙酰转移酶和肉碱脂酰转移酶的相互竞争性抑制了D-肉碱乙酰转移酶的活性，因此，D-肉碱不具有生理活性．实际发挥作用的只有L-肉碱。L-肉碱主要存在水产动物骨骼肌和心肌中，且成年水产动物的肝、肾和脑可利用赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、烟酸、维生素战、维生素C以及二价铁离子合成肉碱。     

传统发酵酸马奶中瑞士乳杆菌耐酸性的筛选

从新疆地区牧民家庭32份自然发酵酸马奶样品中分离鉴定出的82株瑞士乳杆菌中，通过耐酸实验选出39株可在pH3．0和pH3．5酸性环境中生长的菌株进行pH为3．0的人工胃液的耐受性实验。结果表明不同菌株对人工胃液的耐受能力有很大差异。     

Morbidity and mortality of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) admitted to the Wildlife Center of Virginia, 1993-2003.

Medical records from 111 threatened bald eagles (86%, Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and peregrine falcons (14%, Falco peregrinus) admitted to the Wildlife Center of Virginia from 1993 to 2003 were reviewed to identify submitters, causes of morbidity and mortality, and final disposition. Half of all patients admitted were submitted by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries personnel. Trauma was the most common reason for presentation in bald eagles (70%) and peregrine falcons (81%). Additional causes of morbidity and mortality in bald eagles included toxicoses (10%), infectious diseases (8%), and orphaned young (1%). Neoplasia was confirmed in two trauma cases, suggesting underlying disease might have increased susceptibility to acute traumatic injuries. Peregrine falcons were also admitted for infectious disease (19%). The most frequent infectious disease for both species was West Nile virus. Thirty-nine percent of patients were released back into the wild, 28% were euthanized, 20% died, and 13% were placed in captivity. Postrelease monitoring that would determine whether rehabilitated animals survived to contribute to threatened populations was not performed in this study.     

Plasma biochemistry and hematologic values for wild-caught flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus) in India.

Although bats of the genus Pteropus are important ecologically as pollinators and natural hosts for zoonotic pathogens, little is known about their basic physiology. Hematology and plasma biochemistries were determined from wild-caught flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus) in northern India (n=41). Mean lymphocyte differential count was higher for juveniles than adults. Mean platelet count was lower than previously reported. No hemoparasites were observed. No differences were observed between plasma biochemistry values of male and female bats, juveniles and adults, or lactating and nonlactating females. Variation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was seen based on body condition score. Blood urea nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations were lower in P. giganteus than other mammalian groups, but were consistent with those reported from other Pteropus species. Alanine aminotransferase and AST concentrations were higher than those reported for Pteropus vampyrus, a closely related species. This study provides basic physiologic information that can be used in future health and disease studies of Indian flying foxes.     

里氏木霉重组t-PA纯度、分子量及等电点鉴定

基因工程菌株里氏木霉(Trichodermareesei)生物合成的组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue-typeplasminogenactivator,t-PA)经分离纯化后,采用还原SDS-PAGE和非还原PAGE分析达到了电泳纯,采用Superdex75PrepGrade凝胶过滤色谱分析达到了色谱纯;采用还原SDS-PAGE分析其相对分子质量为6.6×104,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纤维蛋白自显影法检测其相对分子质量为6.6×104,与相关文献报道的一致。等电聚焦电泳测定其等电点为4.24。     

山东省畜牧业发展的现状、问题与对策

1山东省畜牧业发展现状 1．1畜牧业正成为强势大产业 1．1．1畜牧业已成为富裕农民的大产业山东畜牧业已成为吸纳农村劳动力的重要行业。据不完全统计，目前全省从事畜牧业的劳动力达到700万～800万人，仅从事畜禽养殖的就有150多万，畜牧业促进了农民收入水平的提高。2004年，全省农民人均纯收入来自畜牧业的比重达到20％，一些畜牧业发达的地区这一比例更高，如临朐县农民人均畜牧业纯收入938元，占农民人均纯收入的26．6％。     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒σB和σNS基因克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank番鸭呼肠孤病毒(muscovy duck reovirus,DRV)σB和σNS基因序列设计合成引物,对番鸭呼肠孤病毒MW9710株σB和σNS基因进行RT-PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行了克隆和测序。结果显示扩增产物分别为1154bp和1113 bp,与预期的目的片段大小一致。核苷酸序列经BLAST软件分析表明：番鸭呼肠孤病毒MW9710株σB基因与番鸭呼肠孤病毒法国89026株同源性为88．1%；氨基酸同源性为94．0%：σNS基因与法国89026株和89330株同源性分别为93．8%和93．1%；氨基酸同源性为95．9%和95．1%。而σB和σNS基因与禽呼肠孤病毒的同源性约为60%～80%。表明番鸭呼肠孤病毒是不同于禽呼肠孤病毒的独立基因群。     

美国白蛾生物学上的几个重要特性

本文对青岛市美国白蛾Hyphandria cunez种群的几个重要生物学特性进行了调查，获得了如下有意义的结果。（1）在生态光周期范围内，该虫显示了一个典型的长日照型昆虫，临界日长为14h 30min。然而在全光条件下，有41.2％的个体滞育；在全暗条件下则有83．7％的个体发育。（2）第1代蛹在自然条件下羽化的结果表明，部分个体的蛹期显著延长，呈现了夏季滞育。（3）滞育蛹置于25℃，LD16：8下滞育能够解除，但死亡率极高。（4）雄虫前翅黑斑的出现是由光周期控制的，只有在短日照下诱导的滞育蛹，滞育解除后羽化出来的雄虫才会出现黑斑。     

苜蓿黄萎病菌在我国的适生性分析研究

本文以适生性评判指标分析为基础,采用生物学建模与GIS分析相结合的方法,依据我国677个气象站点的逐月气温数据以及全国土壤pH等值线图,对苜蓿黄萎病菌在我国的适生性作了分析研究。结果表明,苜蓿黄萎病菌在我国的适生性强,适生范围较广,每年4~9月份,该病菌在我国西北、东北以及华北地区的适生程度处于较高水平。鉴于此,我国应加强苜蓿黄萎病菌的植物检疫措施力度,严防该病的传入或扩散。     

日粮中添加不同有机酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选择体重相近、健康的1日龄罗曼肉用雏120只,在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%柠檬酸、乳酸和延胡索酸,观察有机酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:在22～42日龄,添加柠檬酸组和延胡索酸组采食量均比对照组显著增加(P<0.05);在1～21日龄及全期,添加柠檬酸组日增重比对照组显著增加(P<0.05),在22～42日龄添加柠檬酸组日增重比对照组和添加乳酸组有显著增加(P<0.05);3种有机酸对料肉比指标影响有下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。