努力探索贫困县农业综合开发新途径

平江县位于湖南省东北部,是一个典型的"老、山、边、穷、大"五位一体的农业大县,也是国家级贫困县。近几年来,平江县农业综合开发办公室不断总结经验教训,努力探索农业综合开发的新途径,逐步完善有关政策,使平江县农业综合开发迈上了一个新的台阶。     

沭阳县颜集虞姬花木合作社建设情况的调研和思考

沐阳县颜集贯勤虞姬花木合作社，实现了农民在市场经济条件下的联合和合作，由过去的松散式产业经营创新发展到目前的利益紧密型产业化经营，提高了农民的组织化程度，改变了农民在市场经济中的弱势地位。给农民带来了实实在在的经济利益，增强了农民抗御市场风险的能力。     

Effects of propranolol on thyroid function in the dog

The effect of propranolol on thyroid function was evaluated in 6 mature euthyroid Beagles. Propranolol was administered orally in doses of 20 mg given 3 times daily for 2 weeks and then increased to 40 mg given 3 times daily for an additional 2 weeks. Six age- and sex-matched, euthyroid Beagles served as controls. Serum base-line concentrations of tetraiodothyronine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) were measured before propranolol administration and at weekly intervals thereafter. Thyroid response to 5 IU of aqueous thyroid stimulating hormone administered IV was monitored before propranolol administration and at the 2- and 4-week treatment intervals. The T4, T3, and rT3 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. There were no significant differences in base-line or postthyroid stimulating hormone serum concentrations of T4, T3, or rT3 in any individual or between the treatment or control groups at any treatment interval (P greater than 0.05). Seemingly, the therapeutic use of propranolol in euthyroid dogs should not alter thyroid hormone metabolism.     

Evaluation of urine sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids as a diagnostic test for liver disease in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 3 methods for measuring urine bile acids (UBA) and compare their diagnostic performance with that of the serum bile acids (SBA) test and other routine screening tests in dogs with hepatic disorders. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 15 healthy dogs, 102 dogs with hepatic disorders, and 9 dogs with clinical signs of hepatic disorders that were found to have nonhepatic disorders. PROCEDURES: Blood and urine samples were collected from sick dogs and healthy dogs for serum biochemical analyses, and determination of concentrations of SBA and UBA. Urine samples were obtained from 15 healthy dogs to establish an upper cutoff value for UBA concentrations. The UBA were measured by use of a quantitative-linked enzymatic colorimetric method. Three analytical modifications were evaluated; 1 quantified only urine sulfated bile acids (USBA), 1 only urine nonsulfated bile acids (UNSBA), and 1 quantified both (USBA plus UNSBA). The UBA values were standardized with the urine creatinine concentration. RESULTS: The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio tests had the best diagnostic performance of the UBA tests; each had a substantially higher specificity, slightly higher positive predictive value, slightly lower negative predictive value, and lower sensitivity than the SBA test. These UBA-to-creatinine values were positively correlated with SBA values. The USBA-to-creatinine ratio had poor sensitivity, indicating a low rate of bile acid sulfation in dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The UBA can be measured in dogs with sufficient repeatability and accuracy for clinical application. The UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio and USBA plus UNSBA-to-creatinine ratio identified dogs with hepatic disorders nearly as well as the SBA test.     

A Syndrome Resembling Idiopathic Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in 4 Young Doberman Pinschers

We describe 4 young male Doberman Pinschers (3 littermates and 1 unrelated dog) with a syndrome resembling idiopathic or noncirrhotic portal hypertension of humans. Each dog was evaluated for a hepatopathy resulting in portal hypertension, development of portosystemic collateral vessels, and hepatic encephalopathy. These dogs differ from previous reports of young dogs with hepatic insufficiency associated with portal hypertension and acquired portal systemic shunting by their lack of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistulae, portal vein atresia, or intrahepatic fibrosis. Clinicopathologic features included erythrocyte microcytosis, normal to mildly increased liver enzyme activities, increased concentrations of serum bile acids, reduced plasma indocyanine green clearance, and normal total bilirubin concentration. Abdominal ultrasonography disclosed a small liver and portosystemic collateral vessels. Radiographic imaging studies confirmed hepatofugal portal circulation and discounted hepatic arteriovenous fistulae. Histopathologic features in liver tissue from each dog were similar and consistent in all sections examined. Common findings included increased cross-sectional views of hepatic arterioles; hepatic lobular atrophy; scanty increase in connective tissue around some large portal triads; and absence of inflammation, disturbed lobular architecture, bile duct proliferation, or intrahepatic cholestasis.     

Bile acid concentrations in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in the dog

The clinical usefulness of measuring serum bile acid concentrations as a diagnostic test for hepatobiliary disease, was examined in 150 dogs that were suspected of having hepatic disease. Serum values of total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and albumin were also measured. Fasting serum bile acid (FSBA) values were determined, using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for total conjugated bile acids or a direct enzymatic spectrophotometric method. A definitive diagnosis was established by histologic examination of the liver. On the basis of histologic findings, dogs were assigned to groups (1 to 8, respectively) including: extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, cirrhosis, portal systemic vascular anastomosis (PSVA), hepatic necrosis, intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, neoplasia, and secondary disease. Dogs in group 8 had no morphologic evidence of hepatobiliary disease or had mild hepatic lesions. Test efficacies of FSBA, TB, ALP, ALT, and albumin were expressed using 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, and positive-predictive and negative-predictive values. The diagnostic efficacy of FSBA was examined alone and in combinations with the other tests. There was wide overlapping of FSBA values among dogs in groups 1 to 7, and there was wide overlapping of ALT and ALP values among dogs in all groups. The specificity of FSBA for the diagnosis of liver disease exceeded 90% at values greater than or equal to 30 mumol/L and reached 100% at greater than or equal to 50 mumol/L. Individual liver tests with the best sensitivity for each group were:FSBA and ALP for extrahepatic bile duct obstruction; FSBA for cirrhosis and PSVA; ALT for hepatic necrosis; and ALP for intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, and neoplasia. Combinations of tests with the best sensitivity for each group were: FSBA + ALP for extrahepatic bile duct obstruction; FSBA + ALT for cirrhosis and PSVA; FSBA + ALT and TB + ALT for hepatic necrosis; and FSBA + ALP for intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, and neoplasia. Individual tests had the best sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Salmon calcitonin as adjunct treatment for vitamin D toxicosis in a dog

Calcitonin was used in conjunction with saline diuresis, furosemide, and prednisone in treatment of a dog that consumed a rodenticide that contained cholecalciferol and has been touted as safe for nontarget species. This report shows that the rodenticide is toxic to dogs and that salmon calcitonin is a useful treatment for the often refractory hypercalcemia induced by vitamin D toxicosis.     

建设农业信息网服务广东农业

回顾了十年来广东省农业信息工作的经验和体会,即各级领导要把农业信息服务当作加强农业社会化服务的首要任务来抓;要加强宣传发动,大力发展网员单位,不断扩充直接服务对象;要突出广东特色,努力开发信息资源,不断充实网上信息内容.     

鹅肠道纤维分解菌的分离筛选及酶活力研究

从吉林白鹅回肠、盲肠内壁刮取物中分离筛选出4株纤维素分解细菌。在羧甲基纤维素钠、豆秆粉等组成的液体发酵培养基中菌株M6的最大酶活力达到51.4 U。酶的最适作用温度60℃,其中菌株M6产生的酶在pH 4时酶活力较高,而其他3株菌产生的酶在pH 6时酶活力较高。模拟鹅盲肠条件,将单菌株及复合系菌株分别接种到苜蓿、玉米秸秆及羊草中,发现接种H1×M2×M6菌株的苜蓿中的粗纤维降解率达到了7.87%。     

禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗对雏鸡免疫试验

本文报告不同剂量禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗对雏鸡免疫的安全性和效果，按雏难的日龄分成Ⅰ组，Ⅱ组，Ⅲ组，Ⅳ组共４组。结果，Ⅰ组接种０．３ｍｌ，０．４ｍｌ，０．５ｍｌ苗的鸡反应率分别为１６．７４％，１６．７６，１７．７９％，免疫后３个月统计，死亡率分别为３．０９％，２．８５％，２．８９％。Ⅱ组接种０．３ｍｌ，０．５ｍｌ，０．７ｍｌ苗的反应率分别为１２．８２％，１３．８３％，１６．２６％，死亡率分别为４．２９％