Effects of low environmental salinity on the cellular profiles and expression of Na+, K+-ATPase and Na+, K+, 2Cl? cotransporter 1 of branchial mitochondrion-rich cells in the juvenile marine fish Monodactylus argenteus

The goal of this study was to determine the osmoregulatory ability of a juvenile marine fish, silver moony (Monodactylus argenteus), for the purpose of developing a new experimental species for ecophysiological research. In this study, M. argenteus was acclimated to freshwater (FW), brackish water (BW), or seawater (SW). The salinity tolerance of this euryhaline species was effective, and the fish survived well upon osmotic challenges. The largest apical surface of mitochondrion-rich cells was found in the FW individuals. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase immunoreactive (NKA-IR) cells were distributed in the interlamellar region of the gill filaments of the silver moony in all experimental groups. In addition to the filaments, NKA-IR cells were also found in the lamellae of the FW individuals. The number of NKA-IR cells in the gills of the FW individuals exceeded that of the BW and SW individuals. The NKA-IR cells of FW and SW individuals exhibited bigger size than that of BW fish. The NKA activities and protein expression of the NKA α-subunit in the gills of the FW individuals were significantly higher than in the BW and SW groups. Additionally, the relative amounts of Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) were salinity-dependent in the gills. Immunofluorescent signals of NKCC1 were localized to the basolateral membrane of NKA-IR cells in all groups. In the gills of the FW individuals, however, some NKA-IR cells did not exhibit a basolateral NKCC1 signal. In conclusion, the present study illustrated the osmoregulatory mechanisms of this easy- and economic-to-rear marine teleost with euryhaline capacity and proved the silver moony to be a good experimental animal.     

林业干部教育培训项目质量评估指标体系构建初探

林业干部教育培训项目质量评估是衡量林业干部教育培训项目的重要依据,既可以客观评价培训过程,更有利于改善培训项目,尤其对今后培训工作的开展具有重要指导意义。在客观分析现有林业干部教育培训项目质量评估指标基础上,通过问卷调查法和德尔菲专家咨询法,构建林业干部教育培训项目质量评估体系指标及权重,将为客观全面评估林业干部教育培训工作提供科学的思路,并进一步规范培训质量管理体系,切实提高我国林业干部教育培训质量。     

艾比湖面积动态变化与气象要素的关系研究

利用2005—2010年250 m×250 m的EOS-MODIS卫星资料,通过预处理、几何校正,在C++环境下,进行水体判识与面积计算,对艾比湖湖区水域面积进行计算,得到逐旬的遥感动态监测数据,将其与同期气象台站的观测资料(温度、降水、风速、蒸发量)相结合,在SPSS中进行统计分析.结果表明:①艾比湖面积有显著的季节性变化,同一年内,由春到秋,艾比湖湖区水体面积总体呈现逐渐减少的趋势;湖区水域面积年内最大值多出现在春季,年内最小值多出现在秋季,但秋末湖区水域面积相对秋初又有所增加.②从年际变化来看,2005—2010年,艾比湖湖区水域面积呈现逐年减少的趋势;旬平均最高峰出现在4月中旬,且5月下旬湖区面积会出现次高峰,旬平均最小值出现在10月上旬,旬平均最高峰主要是山区融雪和降水的共同作用所致,次高峰主要是由降水所致.③相关分析表明,湖泊面积变化与温度、降水相关性不显著,但与风速有显著的正相关,与蒸发量有显著的负相关.     

高产蛋鸭配套系的选育

从福建龙岩蛋鸭原种场选择7个蛋鸭品种（品系）S,、S2、S3、J、P、F、K,组建5组不同的三系杂交配套组合：Jδ×（Fδ×S1δ）、Pδ×（Fδ×S3辛）、Fδ×（Pδ×S2δ）、Fδ×（KδXS2δ）、Fδ×（PδXS3δ）．5个配套系商品代经500日饲养试验测定,筛选出生产性能最优的2个配套系为青壳蛋系Jδ×（FδXS1δ）、白壳蛋系Fδ×（PδχS3δ）．青壳蛋系的产蛋率达50％时,平均日龄（118±2．45）d,平均体重（1595．6±22．5）g,500日龄的产蛋数、总蛋重、蛋重、料蛋比分别为（330．6±4．29）枚、（22．694-0．21）kg、（72．50±0．20）g、（2．864±0．03）：1;自壳蛋系的产蛋率达50％时,平均日龄（114．7±1．25）d,平均体重（1526．6±12．31）g,500日龄的产蛋数、总蛋重、蛋重、料蛋比分别为（335．29土1．8）枚、（23．224±0．17）kg、（71．364±O．05）g、（2．77±0．01）：1．可见,2个配套系的生产性能均达国内领先水平,具有推广应用价值．     

气候、品种和密度对东北春玉米增产潜力的影响

近年来,东北春玉米超高产技术研究已经取得了重大进展,但春玉米增产潜力仍有很大空间。本文从3个主要方面探讨了气候、品种和密度对东北春玉米增产潜力的影响,最后提出应深入研究综合因素对玉米增产潜力的影响,获得更具体的粮食生产潜力,并确定哪些因素起主导作用。     

PCV2衣壳蛋白肽段的表达及其血清抗体间接ELISA检测方法

利用可溶性重组PCV2-Cap蛋白肽段为抗原,建立PCV2血清抗体间接ELISA诊断方法(rhcap-ELISA)。将PCV2cap基因中含主要表位的片段克隆到表达载体pGEX-6p-1上,转化E.coli,降低诱导温度至18℃诱导,获得大小为34 ku的可溶性融合蛋白。Western blotting试验证实该融合蛋白具有很强的免疫学活性,通过亲和层析柱对可溶性蛋白进行纯化。用融合表达的可溶性蛋白肽段作为抗原,建立猪圆环病毒(PCV2)血清抗体间接ELISA诊断方法。该方法的交叉反应结果表明,重组抗原与PRRSV、CSF、PPV和PRV阳性血清之间不存在交叉反应;用rhcap-ELISA和商品化的同类试剂盒(PCV2-Ab-Kit)检测137送检血清样品,2种试剂盒的阳性检测率分别为79.56%和83.21%。因此,rhcap-ELISA猪圆环病毒抗体检测试剂盒具有良好的敏感性和特异性,适合于在大规模的PCV2血清抗体的检测工作中使用。     

关于景观形式的思考

本文通过对景观形式和建筑形式研究方法的对比分析,从几方面诠释了景观形式及其特点,在此基础上探讨了景观形式的核心价值和衍生价值,并思考其发展趋势以及存在的问题,最后提出若干对景观形式纠偏的建议。     

Partial-degradation and heat-moisture dual modification on the enzymatic resistance and boiling-stable resistant starch content of corn starches

Normal corn, Hylon V and Hylon VII starches were partially degraded by acid-ethanol treatment and applied to heat-moisture treatment (HMT) for improving the enzymatic resistance of starch. The weight-average degree of polymerization (DP_w) of acid-ethanol-treated (AET) corn starches ranged from 6.75 × 10⁵ to 181, 4.48 × 10⁵ to 121, and 1.94 × 10⁵ to 111 anhydrous glucose units for normal corn, Hylon V and Hylon VII starches, respectively. Starch retained its granular structure after AET and HMT, recovery of starch granules after modifications were higher than 92%. Resistant starch (RS) content and boiling-stable RS content of corn starch increased after dual modification, and the increment increased with increasing duration of AET. The boiling-stable RS content of dual-modified starch increased from 1.5 to 9.2, 12.2 to 24.1, and 18.0 to 36.2% for normal corn, Hylon V and Hylon VII starches, respectively. Increments of RS content and boiling-stable RS content of dual-modified starches were significantly correlated (r² > 0.700) with DP_w of starch, revealing that the enzymatic resistance of dual-modified corn starch granules increased with decreasing molecular size of starch. Result also suggested that starch granules partially degraded with AET could improve the molecular mobility and ordering during the consequent HMT.     

烤烟不同部位叶片的光合特性研究

为明确烤烟不同部位叶片生长发育及品质差异形成的光合生理机制,以‘豫烟10号’为材料,在旺长期烟株现蕾时测定不同部位叶片光合特性及环境因子日变化进程,并采用通径分析法分析各环境因子对其净光合速率(Pn)的直接和间接影响。结果表明：（1）在现蕾期,‘豫烟10号’不同部位叶片Pn日变化均为“单峰型”,上、中、下部叶Pn日均值分别为13.25、11.71、6.26μmol CO₂/(m²·s),下部叶Pn显著低于上、中部叶。（2）气孔导度(Gs)对烤烟蒸腾作用的影响大于光合作用。随Gs的增加,不同部位叶片Pn和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈上升趋势,总体来看,各部位叶片Tr峰值出现时间与Gs峰值出现时间基本一致,二者均滞后于Pn峰值出现时间。（3）烤烟不同部位叶片主要决策变量均为光合有效辐射(PAR),主要限制变量均为大气温度(Ta)。由此可知,要提高烤烟不同部位叶片Pn,需采取一定措施如增大株间距离来提高PA R,控制各部位叶片所处微环境Ta,进而改善各部位叶片温度(Tl),基本保持大气CO₂浓度(Ca)不变。