Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、As复合污染对灯心草的生理毒性效应

通过盆栽试验,以现行土壤环境质量标准为浓度设置依据并结合实际污染土壤研究了不同处理水平的Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、As5种重金属复合污染对灯心草生长、叶绿素含量及保护酶系统的影响。实验结果表明:5种重金属复合污染对灯心草地上部生长有一定程度的抑制作用,在土壤环境质量二级标准上限值处灯心草地上部生物量减产9.15%,<10%,但地下部生物量减产趋势不明显。复合重金属污染抑制灯心草的光合作用使叶绿素含量减少、叶绿素a/b值降低。在接近土壤环境质量标准低浓度设计范围内,灯心草3种保护酶有逐渐被激活的趋势,表现出一定的协调性共同抵制重金属的毒害。但在高浓度处理水平下,酶活性遭到抑制。生长在矿毒水和铅锌尾矿污染土壤中的灯心草地上部生物量分别下降28.23%和37.1%,但POD、SOD和CAT3种酶活性均高于对照。通过应用综合生态环境效益法,以灯心草为指示植物可以将土壤环境质量二级标准上限值设定为土壤中5种重金属的临界毒性效应值。     

RNAi转基因大豆品系‘B5C9123-5’的RPA可视化检测技术

为开发RNAi转基因作物的田间可视化鉴定方法,以DNA嵌合染料SYBR Green I为材料,采用设置重组酶聚合酶扩增(Recombinase Polymerase Amplification,RPA)特异性引物的手段,建立了一种快速、低成本、可视化的RPA用于转基因大豆‘B5C9123-5’的检测。结果表明,在靶标不存在时,RPA体系中游离的SYBR Green I染料使溶液呈现较弱的黄色荧光。在靶标存在的情况下,RPA扩增产生的双链DNA与SYBR Green I结合导致溶液从黄色转变为绿色并使荧光迅速增强。通过对RPA扩增时间和温度进行优化,阳性结果可在20 min内用肉眼鉴别,检测限为1.00 ng/μL。通过设置不同RPA引物,该方法可用于现场快速检测多种RNAi转基因作物。     

中国台湾地区森林疗愈发展计划及其内容

发展森林康养是新兴的森林可持续经营方式,是缓解现代社会压力有效而简捷的措施,也有助于弥补预防医学领域的短板。发展全民健康养生和森林康养产业是时代所趋,同时也符合乡村振兴战略的目标。文中以中国台湾地区“林务局”编写的《森林疗愈发展策略暨行动计划书》为基础,重点梳理台湾地区森林疗愈计划的内容,包括“森林疗愈的发展趋势”“森林疗愈场地选址原则”“森林疗愈课程与运营规划”“森林疗愈发展策略方案”4项议题;总结森林疗愈发展的过程、内容和进展,目的是为进行森林康养规划、编制相关经营计划以及调整研究方向提供参考。     

油用牡丹栽培技术研究

本文以安徽铜陵3年生油用牡丹为研究对象,采用正交试验分析基肥种类及用量、栽植密度和追肥措施对油用牡丹植株生长状况及果实经济性状的影响.结果表明:油用牡丹引种栽培后第二年的平均抽梢长度为28.53 cm、单果鲜重为9.39 g、干果出籽率为29.58％、干籽出仁率为46.35％.在考察指标中,单株结果数、一级分枝数和单果鲜重的变异系数较高,分别达到40.20％、27.44％和13.55％,说明这3个指标的变异幅度较广,可进一步优化栽培条件从而获得更佳的表现.此外,通过极差分析发现基肥种类及用量、栽植密度对油用牡丹生长状况及果实经济性状的影响程度均高于追肥措施的影响,在栽植油用牡丹时应着重考虑基肥和栽植密度的影响,选择最佳的基肥和密度.适当的遮阴能有效提高油用牡丹落叶时间,促进根系二次发育.     

重庆地区叶用枸杞“宁杞9号”扦插育苗技术研究

为了探究适宜重庆地区的叶用枸杞“宁杞9号”扦插育苗技术,进行了不同扦插基地配比处理下的叶用枸杞扦插育苗技术研究。结果表明:河沙∶椰棕土∶草炭土∶有机肥(3∶3∶3∶1)的基质配比扦插效果最好,“宁杞9号”扦插成活率达到90.25%,扦插苗生根数量4.05根,扦插苗新生根长4.26 cm,扦插苗株高28.39 cm,扦插苗新生枝条粗度0.43,而新生枝条数量无显著差异。     

基于多源信息融合的中文农作物病虫害命名实体识别

随着农作物病虫害研究文献的快速增长,对农作物病虫害领域文献进行文本挖掘变得越来越重要。开发有效、准确的农作物病虫害命名实体识别系统有助于在农作物病虫害相关研究报告中提取研究成果,为农作物病虫害的治理提供有效建议。本文针对中文农作物病虫害数据集缺失问题,提出了基于半远程监督的停等算法,利用该算法构建中文农作物病虫害领域语料库,大幅度减少标注过程的人工成本和时间成本;同时,提出了中文农作物病虫害命名实体识别模型（Agricultural information extraction, Agr-IE）,该模型基于BERT-BILSTM-CRF,辅以多源信息融合（多源分词信息和全局词汇嵌入信息）丰富字符向量,使其充分结合字符级与词汇级的信息,以提高模型捕捉上下文信息的能力。实验表明,该模型可以有效地识别病害、虫害、药剂、作物等实体,F1值分别为96.56%、95.12%、94.48%、95.54%,并对识别难度较大的病原实体具有较好的识别效果,F1值为81.48%,高于BERT-BILSTM-CRF、BERT等模型的相应值。本文所提模型在MSRA和Weibo等其他领域数据集上与CAN-NER、Lattice-LSTM-CRF等模型进行了对比实验,并取得最佳的识别效果,F1值分别为95.80%、94.57%,表明该算法具有一定的泛化能力。     

Gene cloning of porcine adiponectin gene from adipose tissue and construction of its eukaryotic expression vector

To clone adiponectin (ADPN) gene from Shaziling porcine adipocyte and construct its eukaryotic expression vector, total RNA was extracted from subcutaneous fatty tissue. One pair of specific primers was designed by Primer 5.0 software according to the sequence of ADPN gene of porcine available in GenBank. The ADPN gene was amplified by PCR from cDNA and cloned into pMD18‐T vector to construct recombinant clonal vector pMD‐ADPN, sequenced and analysed. A recombinant expression plasmid pPICZaA‐ADPN was constructed by subcloning the cloned ADPN gene into the linearized pPICZaA vector. Then, the plasmid pPICZaA‐ADPN was expressed in Pichia pastoris (GS115) by electrotransformation. Western blot and Bradford analysis were used to determine the target protein induced by methanol. Results showed that the genome size of ADPN was 732 bp and encoded 244 amino acid, the nucleotide sequence of ADPN shared 100% identity with that of porcine available in GenBank. Western blot and Bradford analysis showed that the recombinant ADPN was expressed in GS115 correctly and has certain immune activity. The expression level of ADPN was 28.5 μg/ml. In conclusion, the recombinant ADPN could express in eukaryotic expression vector pPICZaA‐ADPN constructed in this study effectively.     

例析林业能源标准英文译法

本文以林业能源管理中的部分行业标准为例,详细阐述了若干标准名称、术语和定义的正确翻译方法。继而说明在采用国际标准以及标准起草过程中,英文翻译的重要性。同时阐明标准编写人员的素质及职业规范同样至关重要。     

Nutrient and heavy metals in decaying harvest residue needles on drained blanket peat forests

Harvest residue decomposition can significantly contribute to nutrient and heavy metal exports to receiving water courses. This study monitors the nutrient and heavy metal dynamics in decaying Sitka spruce and lodgepole pine harvest residue needles on Atlantic blanket peat forests in the west of Ireland. Using the litterbag method, harvest residue was placed both within and between furrows in two uncut forest and two clear-cut sites. On the clear-cut sites, the litterbags were positioned outside the harvest residue piles (i.e. brash windrows). Over the 2-year monitoring period, the needles decomposed slower at the clear-cut sites than the uncut forest sites, with mass losses of 46–55 and 58–77 %, respectively. Approximately 20 % less phosphorous (P) was released from the decaying needles at the clear-cut sites, while nitrogen (N) was released only at the uncut sites. Tree species was a significant factor contributing to nutrient and heavy metal release and accumulation patterns, with higher concentrations of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in the decaying spruce needles than in pine. Conversely, the spruce needles showed accelerated depletion of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) relative to the pine. The harvest residue needle positioning (inside furrow/between furrows) and the site soil characteristics contributed significantly to Al transformations in spruce needles and iron (Fe) in both spruce and pine needles, with more accumulation occurring inside the furrows where Al and Fe contents of the peat were high. Manganese (Mn) was released from the needles in three of the four sites with a total release of over 90 % within 2 years. In the remaining site, where the Mn content of the peat was high, an accumulation of Mn in the needles was observed. The decomposition of needles on blanket peat catchments may be a significant source of P to receiving water courses, owing to their fast release of P, but not a likely source for N export.     

西北干旱区农田春小麦蒸散量的空间插值方法

综合运用传统统计分析方法和地质统计分析方法,研究了西北旱区春小麦蒸散量在不同生育阶段的时空变异特征,并分析了试验区表层土壤储水量和叶面积指数对春小麦蒸散量的影响关系,通过分析比较,筛选表层土壤储水量为协同因子,并将其应用到试验区春小麦蒸散量的空间插值研究中。研究结果表明:在所研究的条件下,即使外观较为均匀、面积相对较小的农田,春小麦蒸散量仍具有较高的空间变异(变异系数范围0.328~0.495);当降雨入渗深度小于20 cm时,表层土壤储水量(0~20 cm)是影响研究区春小麦蒸散量变异的主要因子,春小麦不同生育期累积蒸散量与表层土壤储水量变化的相关系数在0.8~0.9之间,远大于春小麦累积蒸散量与叶面积指数的相关系数;基于表层土壤储水量的蒸散量协同克里金空间插值分析与地面实测结果相比,仅42个蒸散量地面采样数据即可保证研究区春小麦蒸散量估计精度高于90%。