影响啤酒大麦种子发芽整齐度的因素

综述影响啤酒大麦种子发芽整齐度的因素 ,着重介绍了品种、籽粒整齐度 (包括粒重和粒位 )对发芽整齐度的影响 ,旨在为培育优质啤酒大麦提供借鉴。     

支管射流三通结构优化与试验

为了提高支管射流三通水力性能,改善滴灌的灌水均匀性,基于CFX数值模拟技术,对进口宽度为15 mm的支管射流三通进行结构优化.选取位差、劈距、劈尖半径和侧壁倾角为影响因素,通过四因素三水平正交设计了9组模型,边界条件设定为进口压力100 kPa.选取支管射流三通出口设计流量为评价标准,支管射流三通最优结构尺寸为位差5.5 mm、劈距113 mm、劈尖半径13 mm、侧壁倾角10°.此结构尺寸参数下的支管射流三通水力性能试验结果表明:在进口水压为100 kPa时,支管射流三通脉冲频率为148次/min,水头压力振幅为37.9 kPa,水头压力损失为16.7 kPa,出口流量为0.698 L/s;支管射流三通所接滴灌带长度为60 m时,与普通支管三通相比,支管射流三通的灌水均匀系数提高了2.78%,流量偏差率降低了4.72%.该研究可为射流技术在脉冲滴灌系统的研究、开发与应用提供理论依据.     

地表多水门管道畦灌试验研究

多水门管道灌溉是采用多水口管道替代水沟的一种地表灌溉方式。１９９３至１９９５年试验结果表明，多水门管道灌溉和传统水沟灌溉相比，具有节水、节能、改善灌水分布均匀度，提高灌溉质量，缩短灌溉时间和扩大作物种植面积等优点     

An evaluation of the Porac River irrigation system

An irrigation water management research programme was implemented by Hydraulics Research in collaboration with the National Irrigation Administration of the Philippines on the Porac Area of Porac Gumain Rivers Irrigation System. The objectives of the study are to monitor the response of the main canal network to changes in water availability and assess its capability to deliver crop water requirements to sub-areas jointly managed by National Irrigation Administration staff and existing Irrigator Associations. This paper presents an analysis of the response of the main system to the varying irrigation demands, and assesses the conjunctive use of groundwater with surface water and the potential of computer models to assist management with the preparation of the annual irrigation schedules.     

Division of irrigation water in The Fayoum,Egypt

The division of irrigation water in The Fayoum, Egypt, has been measured. Factors influencing this division are discussed: the hydraulic conditions at structures and canals, the operation regime of gates, lack of reliable gauge data for system operation, shortage of labour, and the water level in Lake Qarun. A deviation from uniform supply has been found for the entire Fayoum, but also along a lateral and sub-lateral. The reasons for this are discussed and suggestions for possible technical improvements of The Fayoum system are given.Abbreviations FWSBM Fayoum Water and Salt Balance Model Project - MSL Mean Sea Level at Alexandria - FID Fayoum Irrigation Department - mcm million cubic metres     

Quality and maximum profit of industrial tomato as affected by distribution uniformity of drip irrigation system

The tomato industry reformed its system of payment by weight of tomato, introducing a corrective system based on percent level of fruit dry matter produced. Such a decision implies significant changes in the management of irrigation systems, with a need to emphasize the technological quality of the marketable product. Three levels of distribution uniformity of the irrigation system are analysed, and related production functions of crop yield and percent of dry matter are presented as well as their use on the optimisation of dry matter, expected revenues and seasonal applied water. Results are critically influenced by the distribution uniformity. They demonstrate the inter-relationship between crop production, percent fruit dry matter and irrigation management, and the importance of considering non-uniformity in the economic analysis of industrial tomato production. Decreases in uniformity lead to a reduction in dry matter production per unit land. Decreases in dry matter are also observed with increasing levels of seasonally applied water, with the optimal level always lower than the required for maximum yield. Such interaction suggests a continuous and inverse relationship between profit and water applied. However, due to the corrective system of payment, by levels of percent of dry matter produced, for some uniformity, the expected revenue follows the yield-water production function instead of the dry matter function. This fact introduces disturbances in the optimal water applied inducing higher than expected levels of water applied for profit maximisation. The simulated data also show that incentives to switch to new systems or management practices able to raise the distribution uniformity result more from profit losses than increases in water price.     

Diagnosis of regional evaporation by remote sensing to support irrigation performance assessment

The success of water management in large irrigation schemes with composites of soil, crop, wetness and micro-meteorological conditions is difficult to quantify. Performance assessment indicators, being among others a function of evaporation, are useful tools to evaluate the actual functioning of an irrigation system. The inevitable spatial variability of evaporation in large irrigation schemes makes its determination with conventional point measurements almost impossible. A new remote sensing evaporation parameterization algorithm has been tested with high resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper data for the Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. Although the implementation of such an algorithm requires assumptions to be made, the current case study shows that these assumptions do not hamper the estimation of actual and potential evaporation at regional scale. The actual evaporation has been used to express the uniformity of crop water use which is related to the equity of irrigation water distribution. The coefficient of variance in actual evaporation between 53 differenent irrigation districts is 10% on average. The relative evaporation was considered to determine whether the crop was adequately irrigated. The relative evaporation was more than 75% for 48 out of 53 irrigation districts. It is concluded, that improved information on actual crop growth conditions through remote sensing provides an essential insight into the planning of real-time and seasonal irrigation water deliveries.     

微灌系统均匀度的保证率分析

本文将可靠性理论引入微灌系统灌水质量的评价中。因为微灌灌水均匀度或出流均匀度作为评价灌水质量的指标,它受许多具有不确定性因素的影响,文中分析了这些不确定因素在一定的概率分布条件下微灌单元灌水均匀度的保证率或可靠度。在文献的基础上分析了在一定坡度下,微灌系统均匀度的保证率计算。     

考虑滴头堵塞位置分布的灌水均匀度计算方法

为合理评价滴灌工程在运行过程中堵塞滴头对灌水均匀度及作物生长的影响,以克里斯琴森均匀系数为基础,建立了堵塞滴头位置分布均匀性的概念和计算方法,提出了以堵塞滴头位置分布均匀系数和滴头流量均匀系数的算术平均值为指标的灌水均匀度计算方法,并分别对比分析了毛管和灌水小区两个尺度的灌水均匀度计算结果。结果表明:与克里斯琴森均匀系数相同,考虑滴头堵塞位置分布的灌水均匀系数可以合理反映堵塞滴头数量和滴头堵塞程度对灌水均匀度的影响;同时,该评价指标还可以反映堵塞滴头的位置分布和集中程度对灌水均匀度的影响,有效地解决了克里斯琴森均匀系数仅考虑流量差异而无法正确评价集中堵塞滴头对作物供水及生长影响的问题。     

草地早熟禾新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南初报

在系统调研国内外文献,广泛收集草地早熟禾种质,连续2年温室幼苗性状评估,连续3年田间性状评价和广泛征求专家意见的基础上,首次编制了我国草地早熟禾特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试指南。指南在形式与主要内容上,与国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)的草地早熟禾测试指南相协调,包括测试的总体技术要求、性状表、性状解释和技术问卷4部分;在性状与标样品种确定上主要参照了UPOV和日本的测试指南。