土壤湿度对东亚小花蝽越冬存活率的影响

１９９１～１９９３年在北京对东亚小花蝽的越冬进行了研究。结果表明：东亚小花蝽以交配或未交配的雌成虫越冬。越冬场所的土壤湿度影响小花蝽的存活率。３月中旬检查，室外自然条件下，越冬存活率为７．７４％。在控制土壤含水量（４％、１２％和２０％）的条件下，越冬存活率随土壤水分的增加而递增，水分２０％时存活率最高，平均为８１．１１％。３月中旬气温回升后将越冬小花蝽雌成虫移入７℃的冰箱，贮存至５月上旬，存活率为５５％，而自然条件下小花蝽已全部死亡     

兰考泡桐苗木顶芽越冬特性初步研究

对兰考泡桐一年生苗木 芽休眠期进行不同的平埋处理，结果表明，１０月下旬至１１月下旬实施平埋是可行的，苗木面芽越冬率无显著性差异；平埋覆土类型（粘土、沙土、两合土）对顶芽越冬率无显著性差异；平埋方式（顶芽不埋，其它部位平埋；干部不埋，其它部位平埋；整株平埋）对苗木顶芽越冬率影响差异显著；平埋深度对苗木顶芽成活率的影响差异极为显著，兰考泡桐苗木体面 芽失水速率高于侧芽和枝条，顶芽相对含水素与旬平均气温     

Outdoor winter storage of container stock on raised pallets—effects on root zone temperatures and seedling growth

Containerized seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were overwintered on the ground and above ground on pallets. Soil temperatures in elevated containers were lower and showed greater fluctuation than containers on the ground. The lowest temperatures (‐15 to ‐16°C) were observed in containers stored on pallets with little or no snow cover during the winter. Temperatures in the edge rows of containers were lower than interior bed soil temperatures. Lower temperatures were also observed in the top than in the bottom of the container. The storage on pallets resulted in reduced shoot and root growth. Although insulation preventing air movements beneath the container units improved soil temperature conditions and subsequent seedling growth, the best result was obtained when seedlings were stored directly on the ground surface.     

卵圆蝽空间分布型及其应用

对卵圆蝽越冬若虫的空间分布型研究表明:越冬若虫在不同虫口密度下均呈聚集分布,分布的基本成分是个体群;聚集原因除与环境因素有关外,亦与若虫的聚集行为有关,平均每株2～3头若虫是卵圆蝽若虫聚集机制发生变化的临界值;将样本资料用Iwao的代换公式进行代换,能取得比较满意的效果。此外,根据Iwao的方法,给出了卵圆蝽越冬若虫的序贯抽样表和在不同密度下的最适抽样数。     

平菇眼菌蚊Lycoriella sp.春季发生规律及防治的初步研究

经1988～1990年调查和饲养观察,证明平菇眼菌蚊Lvcoriella sp.在豫西能以幼虫,蛹在室外越冬,其场所主要是废料堆、垃圾堆、土粪堆20cm以下深层废料袋。在室内则能同年繁殖。每年为害最严重的春季,该虫可发生3代,虫量逐代上升,且成虫雌性比例持续维持在80％以上。完成一代在8.5～12.5℃需25天,12.5～17℃对需20天。药液浸袋、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂喷雾,10％蚊蝇净烟熏分别对幼虫、成虫有较好的防治效果。     

露地越冬春甘蓝新品种‘皖甘 8 号’

 ‘皖甘8号’甘蓝是以自交不亲合系9802-6与9701-3杂交育成的露地越冬春甘蓝一代杂种,具有抗寒性和耐抽薹性好,抗黑腐病等特点;叶球紧实,牛心形,单球质量1.2 kg;越冬栽培生育期145 d;适合我国黄河以南地区,尤其长江流域作越冬春甘蓝种植。     

Winter movement activity patterns of anadromous Arctic charr in two Labrador lakes

Anadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, feed in the marine environment for several months during the summer and migrate back to fresh water in late summer to spawn and/or overwinter. While overwintering, anadromous Arctic charr are generally believed to reduce or cease feeding, and they are poorly described in their winter movement activity. This study used telemetry data collected from two locations to describe overwintering movement activity, including interindividual variation. Movement activity declined markedly during the ice‐covered period, suggesting opportunistic maintenance feeding was used as an energy conservation strategy. Fall and spring movement was correlated with daylight hours, and ice break‐up had a significant effect on the timing of outmigration. Movement activity was negatively correlated with body length, with smaller individuals being more active than larger fish. Although general activity patterns were evident, there were significant differences among individuals, particularly during spring immediately prior to lake departure. Lake size and individual differences in metabolic rate may account for some of this variation.     

高产条件下日光温室越冬茬黄瓜适宜滴灌量研究

为了明确京郊日光温室越冬茬黄瓜高产栽培所需的适宜滴灌量,以黄瓜"津优35"为试材,研究了不同滴灌量对黄瓜灌溉水分配、产量、品质、水分利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明:85%农户常规灌溉量处理较对照节水50.8 mm,深层渗漏量减少42.6%,黄瓜产量提高3.6 t/hm~2,可溶性糖含量提高17.3%,硝酸盐含量降低5.0 mg/kg,果实品质提高;水分利用效率提高3.61 kg/m~3,增收1.42万元/hm~2。综合来看,85%农户常规灌溉量处理是京郊日光温室越冬茬黄瓜适宜滴灌量,全生育期灌溉总量为327.9 mm,其中苗期41.7 mm,初瓜期43.1 mm,结果期243.1 mm,当埋深20 cm的土壤张力计读数为-21.6 kPa时需进行灌溉。     

美洲鲥当年鱼种池塘大棚越冬养殖试验

于2017—2019年采用在池塘上方搭建简易保温大棚的方式开展了美洲鲥当年鱼种越冬养殖试验,研究探讨了越冬养殖相关的技术参数。结果显示:搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温可保持在10℃以上,在美洲鲥当年鱼种(0+龄鱼种,平均体长12.45~16.65 cm,平均体质量27.29~66.41 g)放养密度为1518~2970尾/亩(15亩=1 hm^2,下同)和81.04~100.78 kg/亩的条件下,在越冬前中期(12月至次年3月中旬),日投饲量在0.8~1.6 kg/亩,越冬后期(次年3月中旬至4月上中旬),日投饲量也由2.0 kg/亩左右迅速增加到4.0~5.0 kg/亩。经过125~130 d的越冬养殖,鱼种平均体长达17.48~21.19 cm,增长28.04%~40.40%,平均体质量77.57~137.96 g/尾,增加了106.53%~184.24%,鱼种的体长和体质量特定生长率分别为(0.193~0.261)%/d和(0.585~0.804)%/d,日均增长量和日增重分别为0.036~0.039 cm/d和0.387~0.572 g/d;收获时美洲鲥鱼的肥满度为1.42~1.43 g/cm3,养殖成活率为89.29%~94.81%,饲料系数为1.50~1.65,亩产量为198.50~205.68 kg。试验结果表明,在江浙地区,养殖池塘上方搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温(10~20℃)在美洲鲥当年鱼种的适宜水温范围,能获得较理想的越冬养殖效果。     

河北省粮食两熟产区小麦冬前应变灌溉的气候分析

以选取的河北省山前平原区和黑龙港区的6个县(市)为样点,通过统计各地1973—2007年35年气象资料,分析了与灌溉决策有关的气候条件和冬前应变灌溉方案。结果表明:河北省小麦玉米两熟产区1/3年份的降水可满足播种出苗需要,这时趁墒播种应为首选。其他年份应尽量采取灌足底墒水播种的方式。若因农时紧张需适时抢播,播后应马上灌"蒙头水"。由于冬季气候变暖,越冬前的灌水应以保证越冬期和返青至拔节期水分供应为主,防御冻害为辅,应通过合理的冬前灌溉保证春季第一次肥水时间能推迟到拔节前后。