马疱疹病毒1型主要毒力基因分析及TK基因缺失载体的构建

为了解新疆马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）主要毒力基因遗传进化情况并构建TK基因缺失株，本研究以EHV-1 XJ2015株DNA为模板，对其主要毒力基因TK、gI和gE全长进行克隆、测序及生物信息学分析，并扩增TK基因左右重组臂TKL和TKR，构建质粒pUC-TKLR，将扩增后的增强绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP，含有CMV+polyA）插入pUC-TKLR质粒，构建TK基因缺失打靶质粒。TK、gI和gE基因同源性分析结果显示，XJ2015株与国外EHV-1分离株TK、gI和gE基因同源性均较高，分别为99.8%~100.0%、99.6%~100.0%和99.9%~100.0%；与EHV-3分离株同源性均最低，分别为72.9%、59.4%和62.1%；遗传进化分析显示，3个基因均与国外EHV-1同属于一个遗传进化分支，与EHV-9和EHV-4进化关系较近，但与EHV-3进化关系较远，表明XJ2015毒株与国外EHV-1毒株TK、gI、gE基因核苷酸上差异不明显，没有明显的地域性特征，功能基因保守且进化缓慢，同源基因功能相同或相近；经PCR扩增、酶切、测序及转染鉴定，本试验成功构建了用于TK基因缺失的打靶质粒pUC-TKLR-EGFP。通过对EHV-1主要毒力基因的分析及TK基因缺失打靶载体的构建，为新疆地区马鼻肺炎流行病学调查分析、TK基因缺失株的构建提供理论依据。     

Whole-genome sequence of a novel Chinese cyprinid herpesvirus 3 isolate reveals the existence of a distinct European genotype in East Asia

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), can be subdivided primarily into European and Asian genotypes, which are represented by CyHV3-U or CyHV3-I and CyHV3-J, respectively. In this study, the whole genome sequence of a novel Chinese CyHV3 isolate (GZ11) was determined and annotated. CyHV3-GZ11 genome was found to contain 295,119 nucleotides with 52.9% G/C content, which is highly similar to those of published CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J strains. With reference to CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J, CyHV3-GZ11 was also classified into 164 open reading frames (ORF), which include eight repeated ORFs. On the basis of the 12 alloherpeviruses core genes, results from phylogenetic analysis showed that CyHV3-GZ11 had closer evolutionary relationships with CyHV3-U and CyHV3-I than with CyHV3/KHV-J, which were also supported by genome wide-based single nucleotide substitution analysis and the use of a series of developed molecular markers. This study was the first to reveal the presence of a distinct European CyHV3 genotype in East and Southeast Asia at a whole genome level, which will evoke new insights on exploring the origin, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus.     

First molecular detection of canine herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon

BackgroundCanine herpesvirus type 1 (CaHV-1) infects dogs and is associated with neonatal deaths and reproductive, ocular, neurological, and respiratory problems. In Brazil, reports of CaHV-1 have been restricted to the southeast and south regions, particularly in municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.ObjectivesTo assess the presence and variability of CaHV-1 in canine populations in the state of Pará, North Brazil.MethodsBiological samples from 159 dogs from 4 municipalities in the State of Pará were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analyses, with the target being the viral enzyme, thymidine kinase.ResultsCaHV-1 was detected in 13 dogs (8.2%), with 2 animals being from the municipality of Santa Bárbara do Pará, 8 from Algodoal Island, 2 from Salinópolis, and one from Capanema. The study sequences revealed 100% identity among themselves and 64% to 100% identity with the other nucleotide sequences from Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, and United States, including 100% identity with the 2002 isolate from Australia. The 1996 isolate from France was grouped in a branch that was different from the sequence of this study.ConclusionsThis study presents the first molecular detection of CaHV-1 in dogs from the Amazon region in northern Brazil. The nucleotide identity between the strains and cytosine insertion in the sequences isolated in this study suggests at least 2 strains of CaHV-1 circulating in Brazil (Pará and BTU-1).     

牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型Bartha Nu/67株gD基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

用PCR方法从感染牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型Bartha Nu／67株的MDBK细胞中扩增gD基因，将之克隆到pGEM-T Easy载体。根据对gD基因的结构分析，设计合成3对引物，以获得的克隆质粒为模板，PCR扩增gD胞外域基因，将之分别亚克隆到pGEX-4T-2和pET-32a表达载体中构建成表达质粒pGEX-4T—gDQ、pGEX-4T—gDQB、pGEX-4T—gDHB和pET—gDQ、pET—gDQB、pET—gDHB，利用上述质粒分别转化大肠杆菌BL21和BL21（DE3），IPTG诱导后SDS—PAGE检测，结果pGEX-4T—gDQ、pGEX-4T—gDQB、pGEX-4T—gDHB和pET—gDQ四个表达质粒出现表达且符合预期大小，Western blot表明表达产物均有抗原性。     

自然感染鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ的病毒载量研究

通过建立靶向于鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,Cy HV-2)胸苷激酶基因(TK基因)的荧光定量PCR法,分别检测了自然感染Cy HV-2的金鱼、鲫样品,并结合人工感染试验,分析了脾和肾组织内Cy HV-2的载量及其引发的组织病理变化。结果表明,自然感染Cy HV-2的金鱼和鲫的病毒拷贝数范围为102~105,人工感染Cy HV-2的异育银鲫在感染后第五天脾和肾组织内病毒的拷贝数高达1010。人工感染条件下鱼体呈现系统性病理损伤,自然感染状态下鱼体脾和肾的病理变化分别表现为细胞嗜性的转变和炎症。     

温度对锦鲤疱疹病毒体外培养和致病性的影响

【目的】证实温度对锦鲤疱疹病毒CyHV-3体外增殖和致病性的影响。【方法】选用CyHV-3-EGFP病毒株为研究对象,采用间接免疫荧光染色法测定病毒滴度,使用荧光显微镜观察病毒体外增殖,研究病毒的热稳定性、以及温度对病毒的体外培养和体内致病性的影响。【结果】CyHV-3在4~36℃条件下具有很好的稳定性,温度超过36℃后,病毒活力随着温度升高而降低,50℃时病毒活力完全丧失。感染温度对CyHV-3病毒活力影响不大,高温(37℃)和低温(4℃)时病毒都具有感染能力。但是,孵育温度明显影响病毒活力,温度高于30℃时,CyHV-3的增殖能力减退甚至消失。鲤鱼感染CyHV-3病毒后,低温组(15℃)的死亡率为26.67%,常温组(25℃)的死亡率为73.33%,高温组(30℃)和对照组的死亡率均为0。【结论】证实了CyHV-3病毒在低温下能够增殖并且具有致病性,解释了近年来锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHVD)的暴发及流行不再受限于春秋季节的现象。     

患“红肝病”鳗鲡疱疹病毒的分离和鉴定

利用鳗鲡疱疹病毒(HVA)DNA聚合酶基因引物对患病双色鳗鲡和美洲鳗鲡进行PCR检测(PCR检测结果仅有双色鳗鲡),获得约394bp的目的条带,测序表明扩增出的条带为AHV的DNA聚合酶基因片段,与GeneBank公布的HQ992949、GU233800、FJ940765等6个鳗鲡疱疹病毒基因同源性为100%,与GU205167、AF363783鳗鲡疱疹病毒基因同源性为99%。将患病双色鳗鲡、美洲鳗鲡肝脏和肾脏组织的除菌滤液,接种EPC细胞,细胞7d出现CPE,双色鳗鲡株传代至15代,美洲鳗鲡株传代至5代。     

Genomic and Pathogenic Studies on a Glycoprotein E Variant Field Isolate of Bovine Herpesvirus 1

Glycoprotein E-negative (gE–) laboratory strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) were recently introduced as novel marker vaccines, allowing serological discrimination between vaccinated and naturally infected animals on the basis of lack or presence of antibodies against gE epitopes. The applicability of this approach is based on the genetic stability of the gE. However, mutant field variants of BHV-1 with a variable response in anti-gE ELISA have been isolated. The molecular characterization of a gE variant field isolate (Salwa strain) is presented here. By comparing the gE nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the Salwa strain with those of the wild strain Jura, ten mutated bases were found in the gE strain of Salwa, six of which alter the amino acid sequence, leading to changes in five amino acids. Both strains caused respiratory disease in experimentally infected calves, but Salwa generated slightly milder signs. Both viruses were excreted in nasal and ocular discharges, and were reactivated by dexamethasone treatment. In conclusion, the rather close similarities observed in the gE gene structure and pathogenicity features of the gE mutant and of the wild strain of BHV-1 confirm the genetic stability of gE. The findings indicate that the Salwa isolate is virulent, but less virulent than wild strains. Our data support the use of gE-negative marker vaccines in eradication programmes.     

疱疹病毒UL34基因及其编码蛋白的研究进展

论述了疱疹病毒UL34基因的序列特点、编码蛋白结构特点、基本功能以及它与UL31蛋白、Us3蛋白、动力蛋白、核纤层蛋白的相互作用。表明，UL34基因对病毒的早期包装、成熟和出芽以及对UL31蛋白和核纤层蛋白在感染细胞中的正确定位都具有重要作用。