蕨菜护色保脆工艺研究

以新鲜蕨菜为原料，对其护色保脆工艺进行了研究，结果表明，葡萄糖酸锌3．5mg／L、乳酸锌50mg／L、碳酸氢钠300mg／L、亚硫酸钠300mg／L、醋酸锌250mg／L组成的复合液护色效果最佳。乳酸钙100mg／L、氯化钙50mg／L、氯化镁150mg／L复合剂保脆效果最佳，护色剂与保脆剂的最佳配比为1：2。蕨菜真空冷冻干燥最佳条件是升华温度15℃、冷阱温度-55℃、真空度10Pa。     

低温干旱环境对紫花苜蓿根颈耐寒性的影响

为了解冬季土壤干旱对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)越冬的影响,本研究在实验室内通过控温和更换表土试验模拟低温干旱环境,结合抗冷冻测试、细胞损伤、根颈组织含水量和渗透调节物质变化等,研究低温干旱环境对‘WL440HQ’和‘肇东’苜蓿根颈耐寒性的影响及原因。研究结果表明:低温干旱环境降低苜蓿根颈的耐寒性;与‘肇东’苜蓿相比,低温干旱环境下‘WL440HQ’苜蓿根颈具有较低的耐寒性,根颈组织含有较少的可溶性糖和较高的失水速率,细胞受到不可逆损伤,细胞液相对渗透率超过50%;在低温干旱环境下,根颈内的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量在2个苜蓿品种间差异显著,2种物质可能与‘肇东’苜蓿在低温环境下耐寒性更强有关。综上,为提高苜蓿的越冬能力,建议除在初冬季节灌冻水外,冬季还应适时补水。     

Viability of mass algal cultures preserved by freezing and freeze-drying

The microalgae Chaetoceros sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum were grown in semicontinuous 15 1 cultures, a volume commonly used for mid-scale inocula in aquacultural practices. The daily yields were concentrated and stored by freezing and freeze-drying for up to 1 month. After slow or fast freezing without the protective agents glycerol or Me₂SO, neither of the microalgae was capable of active growth, while with the cryoprotectants slow freezing gave good results after 7 days of storage at −20°C. After 15 and 30 days, however, microalgae growth was poor, probably due to bacterial contamination. Freeze-drying gave even worse results, which we attribute to severe losses of storage products after this treatment.     

微波真空冷冻干燥中的典型问题研究

分析了微波真空冷冻干燥中容易出现的干燥不均匀、微波泄漏、制冷量不足、真空系统的抽真空能力不足以及整个系统的安全操作问题等典型的理论、工艺和设备问题，并提出了解决这些问题相应的设计、工艺、合理的操作规程等基本技术方法和手段。为改进和优化微波真空冷冻干燥工艺和设备提供了依据。     

Evaluation of sample pre-treatment and potential contamination of soluble carbon in soil extracts during lyophilisation

Lyophilisation of K₂SO₄ soil extracts has been proposed as a sample preparation technique before elemental analysis of carbon or nitrogen. However, previous measurements, based on wet oxidation or catalytic combustion, indicated that C measurements in lyophilised samples not always proved to be accurate. To determine whether the C analysis was affected by the lyophilisation process, an exploratory study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of the sample pre-treatment and of the lyophilisation process itself. This paper puts forward that the use of soil extracts, previously stored at −20 °C, may affect the recovery of salt in the samples and that contamination of the soluble carbon with exogenous C during lyophilisation is feasible. Therefore we recommend to use freshly prepared soil extracts for lyophilisation and always to include an internal standard among the unknown samples to account for a possible contamination.     

保加利亚乳杆菌优良菌种的筛选

[目的]筛选保加利亚乳杆菌优良菌种。[方法]对选出的5株菌（ADR、S-1、SY、TX-B、MS2）在液体MRS中培养时的生长特性、OD值和pH值和对数生长末期的活菌数进行比较,以TX-B活菌数最高,确定TX-B为后续发酵试验的目标菌株,将其与现有的优良的球菌进行优化搭配,组成发酵剂,通过鲜奶发酵试验,选育出可生产优质酸奶的乳酸菌种（株）。[结果]TX-B杆菌在42℃的脱脂乳中培养,其生长速率和产酸速率均很快,发酵3 h可凝乳,凝乳时的活菌数和酸度值分别达到7.35×108cfu/m l和94.3°T,发酵10 h,活菌数最高,达1.36×109cfu/m l。TX-B与球菌搭配,通过鲜奶发酵试验及后酸化特性的检测,制得的产品具有酸奶特有的香气,酸甜适宜。[结论]TX-B杆菌是制备酸奶的优良菌种。     

微生物冷冻干燥保藏技术的影响因素分析

介绍了微生物冷冻干燥保藏方法的原理,探讨了影响微生物冷冻干燥保藏的因素,并就冻干微生物样品存在的问题提出了解决措施,以期为提高微生物冷冻干燥保藏技术提供参考。     

Freeze-dried soil extraction method for the measurement of microbial biomass C

A new method for the measurement of microbial biomass C by direct extraction of freeze-dried soil with either 0.5M K₂SO₄ or 0.5M NaHCO₃ was evaluated. The underlying principle of the method is that rehydrating a freeze-dried soil releases cytoplasmic organic compounds from desiccated and disrupted microbial cells. Nineteen soils under various management regimes were sampled to test the proposed method, in which each soil sample was split into two subsamples. One subsample was kept in the field-moist condition at 4°C. The other subsample was brought to 100% water-holding capacity and frozen at –20°C for 24h. The frozen soil was then freezedried. Both subsamples were extracted with 0.5M K₂SO₄ or 0.5M NaHCO₃ at a soil-to-extractant ratio of 1-to-4 (w/v) and organic C determined in the extract (C_{K2 SO4} or C_NaHCO3). The net freeze-dry stimulated increase in extracted C was correlated (r ²=0.98 for C_{K2 SO4} or 0.93 for <$>\rm C_{NaHCO_3})<$> more closely with microbial biomass C (C_MB) measured as net evolution of CO₂–C by chloroform fumigation incubation (CFI) than with total C (r ²=0.42 for C_{K2 SO4} or 0.47 for C_NaHCO3). Based on linear regression equations, extraction efficiency coefficients (K _EC) were used to calculate C_MB from C_{K2 SO4} or C_NaHCO3 as follows: C_MB=C_{K2 SO4}/0.152±0.004 C_MB=C_NaHCO3/0.257±0.01 The relationship between the C_MB and the flushes of C extracted after rehydration of freeze-dried soil showed that the K _EC values were more consistent for C_{K2 SO4} than C_NaHCO3. The freeze-dried soil extraction was a fast, precise, reliable and safe method for measuring microbial biomass C in soil. Received: 27 May 1996     

葡萄籽原花青素冻干过程的影响因素及升华干燥模型的建立

将真空冷冻干燥技术应用于葡萄籽原花青素的制备,通过试验得出冻干过程的基本工艺参数为:冷冻终点温度-34℃,加热板温度35℃,干燥室压强66.7Pa,料液浓度2%,料液厚度11mm。同时建立了升华干燥时间与料液厚度、含水量之间的数学模型,为其它天然色素的冻干工艺提供了理论基础。     

猕猴桃加工中变色机理及护色方法探讨

综述了猕猴桃加工过程中绿色变化的机理和相应的对策,并对猕猴桃果浆真空冷冻干燥加工过程中,绿色沿产品断面自下而上依次变浅的原因进行了分析.认为在猕猴桃果浆冻干进程中,升华出来的水蒸气和混在果浆中的空气不断地穿过已干层,造成叶绿素发生了某种褪色反应而使产品绿色变浅.