红鳍东方鲀仔鱼期摄食与生长的研究

在水温 ( 1 6± 1 )℃条件下 ,红鳍东方 (Takifugurubripes)仔鱼孵出后 4d开始摄食 ,此时其卵黄囊体积由初孵时的 0 636mm3减少到 0 375mm3;1 2d时 ,卵黄完全耗尽。最高初次摄食率出现在卵黄耗尽时 ,可达 1 0 0 % ;仔鱼能维持 9d高达 90 %以上的初次摄食率。初次摄食强度最大值也出现在 1 2d。饥饿不可逆点 (PNR)出现在 1 5～ 1 6d。在内营养期日平均增长率为 0 2 1 7mm/d ;在PNR前的摄食期 ,饥饿仔鱼的日平均生长率为 0 0 1 7mm/d ;而摄食仔鱼的日平均生长率为 0 0 95mm/d ;PNR后至死亡前 ,饥饿仔鱼呈负增长 ,而摄食仔鱼的日平均生长率达 0 41 0mm/d。     

江西宜黄华南虎及栖息地调查

在宜黄开展对华南虎的野外调查,走访保护区范围内80%以上的村庄,大量华南虎在宜黄县境内的活动踪迹信息,表明宜黄境内有1～2个野生华南虎繁殖种群,数量5～8只.     

暗纹东方鲀mtDNA的分离纯化及其细胞素b基因的分子克隆

利用改进的差速离心法和碱裂解法制备并分离纯化了暗纹东方纯mtDNA,测得分子大小为19．4Kb。用线粒体特异染色法跟踪和监测线粒体提取,结果表明,25000-35000g能获得90％以上的高得率。利用制备纯化的mtDNA,已首次克隆了暗纹东方纯细胞色素b基因(cytb)。     

双斑东方鲀人工繁殖试验

催产亲鱼采自泉州湾双斑东方鲀产卵场海区，经注射LRH－A催产激素，3个试验组有2组产卵，共产卵61万粒；在水温15－18℃条件下，受精卵经4d孵化，仔鱼全部出膜，共出苗30万尾。     

基于标记系谱的红鳍东方鲀生长性状遗传分析

利用分子标记辅助家系选育进行红鳍东方鲀生长性状的遗传评估,由红鳍东方鲀基础群体中选择性腺发育良好的雌雄亲本各11尾建立全同胞家系11个,每个全同胞家系随机采集10尾个体组建全同胞家系群体,从混合培育的家系中选择相对较大的个体400尾组建混合选育群体。在红鳍东方鲀遗传连锁图谱上挑选44个均匀分布于22个连锁群上的微卫星DNA标记,每个连锁群有2个标记。全同胞家系群体的遗传分析结果显示,10个高亲本排除概率微卫星标记的Excl(1)和Excl(2)为0.58~0.662和0.736~0.797,14个低亲本排除概率标记的Excl(1)和Excl(2)为0.054~0.43和0.177~0.608,剩余20个中等亲本排除概率标记的Excl(1)和Excl(2)为0.467~0.575和0.641~0.732。利用拥有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记进行混合选育群体的亲权鉴定,结果显示:不同父母本繁殖产生的子代数量存在明显差异,父本M2和母本F4产生了124个子代,占子代个体总数的32.89%。根据亲权鉴定结果建立的系谱估计主要生长性状的遗传参数,不同日龄的体质量和体长遗传力估计值为0.17~0.21和0.15~0.18。研究表明,利用具有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记能够有效建立红鳍东方鲀系谱,进行生长性状的遗传参数估计,分子标记辅助家系选育可以作为红鳍东方鲀目标性状遗传改良的新方法。     

利用触发相机在中国湖南省壶瓶山国家级自然保护区追踪华南虎

2001—2003年的20个月里,我们在中国湖南省壶瓶山国家级自然保护区内设置了一些触发相机,以确定该地区是否存在华南虎（Pantheratigrisamoyensis）。共设置r3种触发相机,包括TrailMaster（美国）的主动式和被动式相机以及WildlifeTwo（中国深圳）的被动式相机。首先在保护区西部沿着小路和动物足迹放置了一些相机。之后又从2002年开始在保护区东部追加放置了一些相机,这是因为有村民报告在这一区域发生了家畜丢失,发现猫科动物足迹以及听到吼叫声。在2002年5月到2003年12月的20个月期间,共8307个拍摄日,获得6180张照片,其中有1437张包括野生动物（平均每100个拍摄日17张野生动物照片）。合计拍摄到33种野生动物。,野猪（Susscrofa）、红腹锦鸡（Chrysolophuspictu．s）和毛冠鹿（Elaphoduscephalophus）是被拍摄最频繁的物种。既没有拍到虎和其他大型猫科动物,也没有拍到水鹿（Cervusunicolor）这种虎重要的猎物。最频繁被拍摄到的猫科动物是豹猫（Prionailurusbengalensis）。村民偶尔报告的掠走山羊的事件可能是豹（Pantherapardta）造成的,但是不能确定。利用触发相机调查超过1000d没有拍摄到虎,这一充分的证据足以支持该调查区没有虎的结论（d=0．05）。20个月超过8300个拍摄日没有在壶瓶山拍摄到虎,显示该地区没有虎。值得注意的结果是拍到红腹锦鸡、黄喉貂（Martesflavigula）、毛冠鹿和黑熊（Ursusthibetanus）的频率很高。这些物种是中国或国际受保护物种,包括被列为国内受保护物种,或同时列为国际受保护物种,又或者像毛冠鹿这种几乎是未知的物种。壶瓶山国家级自然保护区附近有3个保护区。我们讨论建议将这4个保护区合并为一个更大的保护地域来保护虎及其猎物。并且在此简要地评论了我们使用的3种触发相机的性能。     

不同保存温度对华南虎粪样生殖激素检测结果的影响

为了解保存温度对野生动物粪样生殖激素检测结果的影响,采集21份雌性成年华南虎的新鲜粪样为试验对象,用Cat ELISA Kit测定在不同温度环境保存的粪样中雌二醇（E）、孕酮（P）、黄体生成素（LH）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）的浓度。结果：7份新鲜粪样,每份分成2份,分别直接冷冻干燥和-20℃保存后冷冻干燥,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量在两者间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;4份新鲜粪样,每份分成4份,分别置于25℃,4℃,-20℃和-70℃条件下保存24 h,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量在各处理间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;5份新鲜粪样,每份分成5份,-20℃保存9 d,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量始终均无显著差异（P〉0.05）;5份新鲜粪样,每份分成5份,4℃保存9 d,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量始终均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结果表明,应用Cat ELISA Kit检测华南虎粪样雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素具有很好的稳定性,粪样在常温条件下短时间（9 d）保存不影响检测结果。     

Pathological changes induced by three myxosporeans in the intestine of cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel)

Pathological changes in cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes , with emaciation disease in Kyushu, Japan were studied histologically. In most cases, diseased fish were heavily infected with at least one of three myxosporeans ( Myxidium fugu , Myxidium sp. and Leptotheca fugu ) and two unidentified hyperparasitic microsporeans, attached to, or in, the intestinal epithelium. Myxidium fugu attached to the surface of the epithelium, caused no noticeable effects on the host tissue, irrespective of its infection with the hyperparasite. Myxidium sp., which proliferated in the epithelium, induced severe pathological changes including accumulation of cell debris between the epithelium and lamina propria and resultant detachment of the epithelium. Leptotheca fugu, another histozoic myxosporean, induced degeneration of the epithelium, associated with massive infiltration of macrophages into the epithelium to encapsulate parasites. When L. fugu was infected with its hyperparasitic microsporean, shortened villi were also observed. This is probably because passage of macrophage-parasite aggregates through the basement membrane of the epithelium severely damaged the epithelial structure. It is evident histologically that, unlike epicellular M. fugu , histozoic Myxidium sp. and L. fugu with or without hyperparasitic microsporeans, were highly pathogenic to host fish. This strongly suggests that they are causative agents of the emaciation disease.     

Saving wild tigers: A case study in biodiversity loss and challenges to be met for recovery beyond 2010

Wild tigers are being annihilated. Tiger range countries and their partners met at the 1st Asian Ministerial Conference on Tiger Conservation in January 2010 to mandate the creation of the Global Tiger Recovery Program to double the number of tigers by 2022. Only 3200–3600 wild adult tigers remain, approximately half of the population estimated a decade ago. Tigers now live in only 13 countries, all of which are experiencing severe environmental challenges and degradation from the effects of human population growth, brisk economic expansion, rapid urbanization, massive infrastructure development and climate change. The overarching challenge of tiger conservation, and the conservation of biodiversity generally, is that there is insufficient demand for the survival of wild tigers living in natural landscapes. This allows the criminal activities of poaching wild tigers and their prey and trafficking in tiger derivatives to flourish and tiger landscapes to be diminished. The Global Tiger Recovery Program will support scaling up of practices already proven effective in one or more tiger range countries that need wider policy support, usually resources, and new transnational actions that enhance the effectiveness of individual country actions. The program is built on robust National Tiger Recovery Priorities that are grouped into themes: (i) strengthening policies that protect tigers; (ii) protecting tiger conservation landscapes; (iii) scientific management and monitoring; (iv) engaging communities; (v) cooperative management of international tiger landscapes; (vi) eliminating transnational illegal wildlife trade; (vii) persuading people to stop consuming tiger; (viii) enhancing professional capacity of policy-makers and practitioners; and (ix) developing sustainable, long-term financing mechanisms for tiger and biodiversity conservation.