利用触发相机在中国湖南省壶瓶山国家级自然保护区追踪华南虎

2001—2003年的20个月里，我们在中国湖南省壶瓶山国家级自然保护区内设置了一些触发相机，以确定该地区是否存在华南虎（Pantheratigrisamoyensis）。共设置r3种触发相机，包括TrailMaster（美国）的主动式和被动式相机以及WildlifeTwo（中国深圳）的被动式相机。首先在保护区西部沿着小路和动物足迹放置了一些相机。之后又从2002年开始在保护区东部追加放置了一些相机，这是因为有村民报告在这一区域发生了家畜丢失，发现猫科动物足迹以及听到吼叫声。在2002年5月到2003年12月的20个月期间，共8307个拍摄日，获得6180张照片，其中有1437张包括野生动物（平均每100个拍摄日17张野生动物照片）。合计拍摄到33种野生动物。，野猪（Susscrofa）、红腹锦鸡（Chrysolophuspictu．s）和毛冠鹿（Elaphoduscephalophus）是被拍摄最频繁的物种。既没有拍到虎和其他大型猫科动物，也没有拍到水鹿（Cervusunicolor）这种虎重要的猎物。最频繁被拍摄到的猫科动物是豹猫（Prionailurusbengalensis）。村民偶尔报告的掠走山羊的事件可能是豹（Pantherapardta）造成的，但是不能确定。利用触发相机调查超过1000d没有拍摄到虎，这一充分的证据足以支持该调查区没有虎的结论（d=0．05）。20个月超过8300个拍摄日没有在壶瓶山拍摄到虎，显示该地区没有虎。值得注意的结果是拍到红腹锦鸡、黄喉貂（Martesflavigula）、毛冠鹿和黑熊（Ursusthibetanus）的频率很高。这些物种是中国或国际受保护物种，包括被列为国内受保护物种，或同时列为国际受保护物种，又或者像毛冠鹿这种几乎是未知的物种。壶瓶山国家级自然保护区附近有3个保护区。我们讨论建议将这4个保护区合并为一个更大的保护地域来保护虎及其猎物。并且在此简要地评论了我们使用的3种触发相机的性能。

Camera- trapping for South China Tiger In Hupingshan National Nature Reserve,Hunan Province,China

We deployed camera - traps in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province, China for 20 months during 200] -2003 to determine whether South China tigers（ Panthera tigris arnoyen- sis） occurred there. Three types of camera - traps were deployed, passive and active systems from TrailMaster（USA） and a passive system from Wildlife Two （Shenzhen, China）. Traps were initially placed along footpaths and animal trails in the western part of the reserve. Additional traps were placed in the eastern part of the reserve beginning in 2002 in response to reports by villagers of livestock losses, wild cat tracks, and roaring in that area. Over the 20 - month period from May 2002 through December 2003, 8 307 camera - trap days were recorded, yielding a total of 6 ]80 photographs of which ! 437 included wild fauna（ 17 wildlife photographs per ]00 trap days）. In to- tal, 33 wildlife species were photographed. The most frequently photographed species were wild boar（ Sus scrofa）, golden pheasant （ Chrysolophus pictus）, and tufted deer（ Elaphodus cephalo- phus）. Tigers and other large cats were not photographed, nor was sambar（ Cervus unicolor）, an important tiger prey species. The most frequently photographed felid was leopard cat（ Prionailu- rus bengalensis）. Occasional reports by villagers of depredations on goats were attributed to at- tacks by leopard（ Panthera pardus）, but this was not confirmed. Absence of photographs of tigers after camera - trap survey intensity exceeds 1 000 trap days is adequate evidence to support the conclusion that tigers are absent from a survey area at cc = 0. 05. The Hupingshan camera - trap- ping record of over 8 300 trap days in 20 months without photographs of tigers suggests that tigers do not occur in Hupingshan. A notable result was the high frequency of photographs of golden pheasants, yellow-throated marten（ Martes flavigula）, tufted deer, and black bear（ Ursus thi- betanus）. These species are protected in China and internationally, included in national and/or international lists of threatened species, or, in the case of tufted deer, are largely unknown. Hupingshan National Nature Reserve has 3 nearby protected areas. We discussed combination of these 4 reserves into a larger protected landscape for conservation of tigers and their prey. We briefly reviewed performance of our 3 types of camera traps.