Pathological changes induced by three myxosporeans in the intestine of cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel)

Pathological changes in cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes , with emaciation disease in Kyushu, Japan were studied histologically. In most cases, diseased fish were heavily infected with at least one of three myxosporeans ( Myxidium fugu , Myxidium sp. and Leptotheca fugu ) and two unidentified hyperparasitic microsporeans, attached to, or in, the intestinal epithelium. Myxidium fugu attached to the surface of the epithelium, caused no noticeable effects on the host tissue, irrespective of its infection with the hyperparasite. Myxidium sp., which proliferated in the epithelium, induced severe pathological changes including accumulation of cell debris between the epithelium and lamina propria and resultant detachment of the epithelium. Leptotheca fugu, another histozoic myxosporean, induced degeneration of the epithelium, associated with massive infiltration of macrophages into the epithelium to encapsulate parasites. When L. fugu was infected with its hyperparasitic microsporean, shortened villi were also observed. This is probably because passage of macrophage-parasite aggregates through the basement membrane of the epithelium severely damaged the epithelial structure. It is evident histologically that, unlike epicellular M. fugu , histozoic Myxidium sp. and L. fugu with or without hyperparasitic microsporeans, were highly pathogenic to host fish. This strongly suggests that they are causative agents of the emaciation disease.     

双斑东方鲀人工繁殖试验

催产亲鱼采自泉州湾双斑东方鲀产卵场海区，经注射LRH－A催产激素，3个试验组有2组产卵，共产卵61万粒；在水温15－18℃条件下，受精卵经4d孵化，仔鱼全部出膜，共出苗30万尾。     

红鳍东方鲀仔鱼期摄食与生长的研究

在水温 ( 1 6± 1 )℃条件下 ,红鳍东方 (Takifugurubripes)仔鱼孵出后 4d开始摄食 ,此时其卵黄囊体积由初孵时的 0 636mm3减少到 0 375mm3;1 2d时 ,卵黄完全耗尽。最高初次摄食率出现在卵黄耗尽时 ,可达 1 0 0 % ;仔鱼能维持 9d高达 90 %以上的初次摄食率。初次摄食强度最大值也出现在 1 2d。饥饿不可逆点 (PNR)出现在 1 5～ 1 6d。在内营养期日平均增长率为 0 2 1 7mm/d ;在PNR前的摄食期 ,饥饿仔鱼的日平均生长率为 0 0 1 7mm/d ;而摄食仔鱼的日平均生长率为 0 0 95mm/d ;PNR后至死亡前 ,饥饿仔鱼呈负增长 ,而摄食仔鱼的日平均生长率达 0 41 0mm/d。     

暗纹东方鲀在不同冻藏温度下品质变化的动力学研究

为研究河豚鱼在冻藏过程中的品质变化,通过不同温度下的冻藏试验对河豚鱼品质变化的动力学模型进行探讨。将河豚鱼冻藏在263、255、248和243K条件下,测定河豚鱼的挥发性盐基氮、盐溶性蛋白及巯基等品质指标随贮藏时间的变化。在Arrhenius动力学方程基础之上,建立了挥发性盐基氮、盐溶性蛋白及巯基的质量分数与冻藏时间及冻藏温度之间的动力学模型。结果表明：一级化学反应动力学模型和Arrhenius方程对挥发性盐基氮和盐溶性蛋白的质量分数及巯基的质量摩尔浓度的变化具有较高的拟合精度。挥发性盐基氮质量分数变化预测模型中的活化能EA及速率常数k0分别为10.72kJ/mol和0.556 0,盐溶性蛋白质量分数变化的EA及k0分别为：26.79kJ/mol和2 668.20,巯基质量摩尔浓度变化的EA及k0分别为：20.68kJ/mol和186.52。挥发性盐基氮随着贮藏时间的延长而增加,且随着贮藏温度的升高而增加迅速,其盐溶性蛋白及巯基含量指标随着贮藏时间的延长而下降,且随着贮藏温度的升高而下降迅速。     

Calcium Requirement of Tiger Puffer Fed a Semi-Purified Diet

Juvenile tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) were fed semi-purified diets with graded levels (0–0.40%) of calcium (Ca) supplements for 8 weeks at a temperature of 23.0–25.5 °C. At the end of the feeding experiment, average final body weight increased with increasing dietary Ca levels. A diet without Ca supplement resulted in poor average final body weight and 0.05% dietary Ca supplement could not significantly improve the growth. However, supplemental Ca levels of 0.10–0.40% significantly increased growth. Dietary Ca supplements of 0.10% or more also improved the feed efficiency in tiger puffer. Ca and phosphorus contents of the bone were independent of dietary Ca supplements. However, 0.40% Ca in the diet decreased the zinc and manganese contents of bone. Results indicated that supplemental Ca levels of 0.10–0.20% in a semi-purified diet were required to maintain normal growth, feed utilization and bone mineralization of tiger puffer.     

Dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio influences the efficacy of microbial phytase on growth,mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in juvenile tiger puffer,Takifugu rubripes

A 2 × 3 factorial feeding trial was conducted to determine effects of dietary Ca/P ratio and dietary microbial phytase on growth, mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in tiger puffer. The treatments consisted of three levels of Ca/P ratios (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) combined either with phytase (2000 FTU kg^?1 diet) or without supplementation, respectively. The Ca/P ratios were achieved by supplementing calcium at 0, 6 and 12 g kg^?1 combined with the same level of inorganic P at 5 g kg^?1. After a 50‐day feeding trial, puffer fish fed the diet at low Ca/P ratio (0.5) together with phytase had significantly higher growth rate and feed intake (FI) than other groups. Both dietary Ca/P ratio and phytase supplement were independent effects on plasma minerals and alkaline phosphatase. Interactive effect between both dietary treatments was observed on P and Zn contents in vertebrae and whole body. P and Zn digestibilities tended to increase with increased Ca/P ratio from 0.5 to 1.0, especially when phytase was supplemented. In conclusion, fish fed a diet with highest Ca/P ratio (1.5) showed the poorest growth performance and nutrients utilization. Dietary Ca/P ratio of 0.5 (without Ca supplement) with 2000 FTU phytase per kg would be the optimum combination in the diet of tiger puffer.     

基于标记系谱的红鳍东方鲀生长性状遗传分析

利用分子标记辅助家系选育进行红鳍东方鲀生长性状的遗传评估,由红鳍东方鲀基础群体中选择性腺发育良好的雌雄亲本各11尾建立全同胞家系11个,每个全同胞家系随机采集10尾个体组建全同胞家系群体,从混合培育的家系中选择相对较大的个体400尾组建混合选育群体。在红鳍东方鲀遗传连锁图谱上挑选44个均匀分布于22个连锁群上的微卫星DNA标记,每个连锁群有2个标记。全同胞家系群体的遗传分析结果显示,10个高亲本排除概率微卫星标记的Excl(1)和Excl(2)为0.58~0.662和0.736~0.797,14个低亲本排除概率标记的Excl(1)和Excl(2)为0.054~0.43和0.177~0.608,剩余20个中等亲本排除概率标记的Excl(1)和Excl(2)为0.467~0.575和0.641~0.732。利用拥有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记进行混合选育群体的亲权鉴定,结果显示:不同父母本繁殖产生的子代数量存在明显差异,父本M2和母本F4产生了124个子代,占子代个体总数的32.89%。根据亲权鉴定结果建立的系谱估计主要生长性状的遗传参数,不同日龄的体质量和体长遗传力估计值为0.17~0.21和0.15~0.18。研究表明,利用具有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记能够有效建立红鳍东方鲀系谱,进行生长性状的遗传参数估计,分子标记辅助家系选育可以作为红鳍东方鲀目标性状遗传改良的新方法。     

微卫星标记对红鳍东方鲀繁殖的指导应用及遗传分析

利用已有设计的20个具有多态性的微卫星标记对16尾红鳍东方鲀亲鱼(10尾♂,6尾♀)的有效等位基因数、观望杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量、遗传相似性系数、遗传距离等进行了检测.据此设计了10对亲鱼配组,获得10个子代家系.其中母本中16和8号的平均有效等位基因数和平均期望杂合度较其他亲本高,将其分别与3个父本配组,其他则参照遗传距离进行配组.于次年,对F110个家系的体质量、体长均值进行了比对,发现16♀与11♂配组得到的子代体质量、体长均值为最大.8♀和10♂配组得到的子代体质量、体长均值最小.结果表明,红鳍东方鲀子代杂种优势与亲本个体差异有关.