围产期饲喂过瘤胃胆碱对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃胆碱(RPC)对泌乳性能、血液生化指标及繁殖性能的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用60头年龄、胎次、预产期、上一胎次产奶量相近的健康围产期奶牛,随机分为3组,每组20头。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在基础日粮上分别添加25 g/d和50 g/d RPC,饲喂期从产前3周至产后3周,共42 d。结果表明:Ⅱ组产奶量在产后1~8周显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);在产后第2周,Ⅲ组的乳脂率、乳蛋白率显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);在整个试验期,Ⅱ组的谷丙转氨酶含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的天门冬氨酸转氨酶显著含量低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);产后第1周和第2周,Ⅱ组的β-羟丁酸、非酯化脂肪酸含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组的甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组的总胆固醇含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);日粮中添加RPC可以显著提高情期受胎率(P0.05),显著缩减奶牛空怀天数(P0.05),也对产后初次配种时间的缩短和配种次数的降低有影响。日粮中添加RPC可提高围产期奶牛生产性能,对血液生化指标和繁殖性能产生有利影响,本试验条件下RPC最佳添加剂量为每头牛25 g/d。     

结晶葡萄糖的生产工艺、用途及其发展前景

介绍了结晶葡萄糖的生产工艺、主要用途及其发展前景．     

Variations in parameters of liver function and plasma progesterone related to underfeeding and ketosis in a dairy herd

Twenty-eight Norwegian Red Cattle dairy cows were fed silage ad libitum and restricted amounts of concentrates. Blood samples were collected before morning feeding, once or twice weekly, from 2 weeks before to 12 weeks after calving. Parameters of liver function, carbohydrate status and fertility were recorded in order to assess their interrelationships. Eight cows were treated for clinical ketosis. Four of these had to be treated 2 or 3 times. Aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin showed the highest within-animal coefficients of correlation with acetoacetate. Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of carbohydrate status (indicated by plasma acetoacetate levels) on the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, though only a small part of the total variation was explained by this factor. The estimated volume density of liver fat in the 4th week of lactation averaged 6.0 +/- 6.4% (+/- SD) ranging from 0.1-25.1%. Liver fat content at this stage of lactation was not significantly correlated with other indicators of liver function or carbohydrate status. Cows treated for clinical ketosis had significantly lower plasma progesterone values at the time of first ketosis treatment than untreated multiparous cows. The frequency of high progesterone values (greater than 3 ng/ml) being significantly lower in treated than in untreated cows during the period from 3-5 weeks post partum, though not at later stages. In conclusion, the results revealed a significant relationship between carbohydrate status and liver function, and also between clinical ketosis and luteal function.     

日粮色氨酸水平对仔猪生产性能和血液生化指标影响的研究

在赖氨酸/蛋氨酸+胱氨酸/苏氨酸/异亮氨酸比例为100:68:65:59的玉米—玉米蛋白粉基础日粮中,添加合成的 L-色氨酸构成5种色氨酸(TRP)水平的日粮(TRP 水平分别为0.125%、0.155%、0.180%、0.215%和0.24%)。将35头太湖母猪与长白公猪的杂交仔猪在35日龄断奶时,随机分为5组,分别饲喂上述为同 TRP 水平的日粮,饲养期长达30天。结果表明,日粮(TRP)水平显著影响仔猪的日均耗料量(ADFI)、日均增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)。TRP 水平为0.215%时,仔猪生长性能最好。TRP 水平为0.24%时仔猪的生长性能与0.215%时差异不显著(P>0.05)。TRP 水平在0.125%～0.215%范围内,仔猪 ADG、ADFI 与 TRP 水平呈正相关,回归方程分别为:ADG(g)=2.57 TRP(mg/kg)-80.21,(r=0.99,P<0.01);ADFI(g)=2.49 TRP(mg/kg)+220.31,(r=0.95,P>0.05);FCR 与日粮 TRP 水平呈显著负相关,回归方程为:FCR=2.877-5.668 TRP(%),(r=0.945,P<0.01).血清尿素氮(SUN)含量与日粮 TRP 水平呈负相关,回归方程为 SUN=19.47-34.35TRP(%),(r=0.95,P<0.05)。从仔猪生长性能和 SUN 两项指标确定 TRP 在理想氨基酸模式中的相应值分别为18和20。在 TRP 水平0.125%～0.215%范围内,血清碱性磷酸酶活性与 TRP 水平呈现正相关,在0.215%时最高;TRP 水平在0.24%时与0.215%时差异不显著(P>0.05)。日粮 TRP 水平对血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮 TRP 水平对血清总蛋白含量无显著影响,而血清蛋白含量随 TRP 水平升高而增加,在0.215%时最高。血清蛋白质系数(A/G)在各 TRP 水平间有显著差异(P<0.05),日粮中 TRP 含量在0.125%时,A/G显著降低(P<0.05),A/G 在 TRP 水平为0.215%时最高,TRP 在0.125%～0.215%之间,A/G 呈现线性递增,回归方程为:A/G=9.34TRP(%)+0.956,r=0.98,P<0.05),而 TRP 水平为0.24%与0.215%的两组 A/G 无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

无角美利奴亲本母羊生产性能与血液生化指标的相关性

对８７只无角美利奴亲本母羊的生产性能及其血液生化指标进行了测试分析，试验结果表明，毛长，毛密，体重与其血清无机磷，血清钙磷乘积，血清总蛋白，血清白蛋白、胆固醇、黄疽指数呈极显著正相关；与血清钠、胡萝卜素，ａ２球蛋白呈显著正相关；而与血清磨香草酚浊度呈极显著负相关；与硫酸锌浊度、血清谷草转氨酶活力呈显著负相关；与其年龄呈显著负相关。     

蜂胶对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响

将复制糖尿病模型的 72只SD大鼠随机分为模型组 ,蜂胶水提液低剂量组、高剂量组 ,蜂胶醇提液低剂量组、高剂量组和阳性对照组 (拜糖苹 ) ,另取 12只为正常组。除正常组和模型组外 ,各组分别给予不同的试验药物。给药过程中 ,每周取血一次 ,测空腹血糖 ,给药 7周后 ,取血测定空腹血糖和果糖胺。试验结果表明 ,蜂胶水提液和醇提液均能控制糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖的升高 ,并且随着时间的延长效果越来越明显。     

Effects of three methods of restraint an in rhesus and african green monkeys intravenous glucose tolerance testing

The intravenous administration of 0.75 gm glucose per kg and the measurement of serum glucose pretest and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes constitute a satisfactory protocol for intravenous glucose tolerance testing of Rhesus (Macaca mulatto) and African Green (Cercopithecus aethiops) monkeys. No significant differences were noted between animals restrained with ketamine hydrochloride and those restrained with sodium pentobarbital, but the African Green males and females and the male Rhesus monkeys yielded significantly different results while being manually restrained.     

Diurnal and individual variations in bile acids in the plasma of normal dairy cows

Blood samples were collected every 2 h during a 24 h period from 6 cows of one herd and 10 cows of another herd. In a third herd 9 cows were sampled every 2 h from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Concentrations of total bile acids, acetoacetate, glucose and free fatty acids were determined in blood plasma. A marked difference in individual bile acid concentrations and patterns of diurnal variation was found. For most cows the highest bile acid values were observed between 2 and 6 a.m. (overall mean (+/- SD) at 6 a.m.: 104 +/- 84 mumol/l, range: 20-307 mumol/l). Fourteen cows with a bile acid value greater than 90 mumol/l at 6 a.m. ("high BA") were characterized as a group by showing a pronounced decrease in the mean bile acid concentration after morning feeding. In the group of 11 cows with a 6 a.m. bile acid value less than 90 mumol/l ("low BA") the time of day did not contribute significantly to the bile acid variation. For the "high BA" group a nearly synchronous variation between the mean values of the 3 feeding dependent parameters (acetoacetate, glucose and free fatty acids) and the mean values of bile acids was found. The within animal coefficients of correlation between bile acids and the feeding dependent parameters were significantly higher in the "high BA" group than in the "low BA" group. No direct connection was found between bile acid levels and the quantity of concentrates fed or the individual milk yield.     

乳猪体内糖类的消化和吸收研究

乳猪小肠内葡萄糖的分布状况既与饲料的碳水化合物种类和数量相关，也与小肠的不同部位相关，十二指肠段和空肠段分别是乳糖、淀粉类碳水化合物分解和葡萄糖吸收的主要部位血糖浓度离肝脏越远含量越低，而与饲料中糖类含量的多少无关。     

Analysis of blood biochemistry and arterial blood gas of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the early time after trauma

AIM: To explore the variation of blood biochemistry and arterial blood gas of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the early time after trauma and improve the diagnosis and first aid. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with trauma from August 2003 to February 2004 were divided into two groups by their AIS-ISS90 score. The data of temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, white blood cell counts, Hb, blood glucose and arterial blood gas (PaO₂, PaCO₂, HCO₃^-, AG) were collected and compared with each group by statistic methods. RESULTS: Of the 88 patients, 49 underwent SIRS, 12 in light trauma group (ISS≥16) and 37 in severe trauma group (ISS<16). Compared with light trauma group, the data of pulse, respiratory rate, white blood cell counts, blood glucose, AG and rate of SIRS of severe trauma group were higher, PaO₂ and HCO₃^- were lower and the cases of PaCO₂>45 mmHg or <35 mmHg were more (P<0.01). The data of temperature and Hb had not significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). 13 patients had MODS in severe trauma group and 2 died while none had MODS or died in light trauma group. CONCLUSION: Application of AIS-ISS90 and SIRS-related blood biochemistry and arterial blood gas is beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of patients in the early time after trauma.