Comparison of 2 methods for establishing rat model of chronic osmotic diarrhea

AIM: To compare 2 different rat models of chronic osmotic diarrhea with the lactose enrichment and magnesium citrate methods. METHODS: The SD rats (n=31) were randomly divided into lactose enrichment diarrhea group (Lac group, 12 rats), magnesium citrate diarrhea group (Mg group, 12 rats) and normal control group (Con group, 7 rats). The rats in Lac group were fed with a lactose enrichment diet and freely drank water. The rats in Mg group were fed with a standard diet and drank magnesium citrate solution. The Con group was fed with a standard diet and normal water. The general conditions and the characteristics of stool were observed every day. The grip strength and motor activity of the rats were measured after diarrhea for 14 d. The trans-epithelial resistance of the colonic mucosa was detected by Ussing chamber. The pathological changes of villus height and villus surface area in the intestine were observed with hemato-xylin-eosin staining. RESULTS: The rats in both diarrhea groups displayed the clinical manifestations of slow increase in body weight, spare and dull hair, lacking in strength and physical inactivity. The grip strength and motor activity of the rats in both diarrhea groups decreased significantly compared with Con group. The diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of the rats in the 2 diarrhea groups were both significantly higher than those in Con group (P<0.05). Moreover, the diarrhea index in Lac group was significantly increased compared with Mg group. The thickness of intestinal mucosa in Lac group was thinner than that in Mg group at the same time. However, the damage of intestinal villi in Mg group was more serious than that in Lac group.CONCLUSION: Both methods of lactose enrichment-induced diarrhea and magnesium citrate-induced diarrhea meet the requirement of chronic osmotic diarrhea, but there are different advantages between the diarrhea models. Therefore, we should select the correct diarrhea model to meet different aims of the experiments.     

The Magnesium Status of Some Fiji Soils

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macronutrient element for all living organisms, but literature reports of Mg deficiency in agriculture and forestry appear regularly. In many tropical areas, Mg is added to soils by using dolomitic limestone and as minor additions through impurities in some fertilizers. Minimal information is available on the Mg status of Fiji soils, and deficiencies have been observed in some crops. This study investigated the Mg status of a range of Fiji soils and found that major agricultural soils of Fiji contain variable amounts of Mg, both in the total concentrations and in the different forms of the element present. The variations can be related to the soil parent materials, degree of weathering, clay content, and mineralogy. Low plant‐available Mg concentrations are present in many of the highly weathered soils with limited reserves present. Development of intensive agriculture should consider Mg when developing fertilizer programs.     

钙镁对甜瓜椰糠半基质栽培的影响

为了探索椰糠半基质条件下,钙镁肥对甜瓜产量、品质的影响,确定钙镁肥施用的必要性,配制不同钙镁含量的肥料进行比较。结果显示,不同钙镁含量的肥料与不含钙镁的肥料相比,产量、品质没有差异。在土壤水溶性钙1197.1mg?kg-1,水溶性镁690.8 mg?kg-1,灌溉水钙含量68.0 mg?kg-1,镁含量22.7 mg?kg-1的条件下,能为甜瓜椰糠半基质栽培提供足够的钙镁营养。这对简化施肥设施,减轻投入成本,加速该模式在中小企业及个体种植户中推广有较大的现实意义。     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

滴灌条件下施镁的生物有效性及其移动分布

[目的]以番茄为供试植物,探讨在赤红壤中滴灌施肥条件下镁对作物生长的影响以及滴施镁肥后镁在土壤中水平方向和垂直方向上的移动规律.[方法]以硫酸镁为镁源,通过滴灌系统施入,设3个不同用量处理,在不同的生长时期测定.[结果]随着施镁量（0～6g/盆）的增加,与CK相比,施用镁肥能增加植株的干重和果实的鲜重,而滴施镁肥各处理的番茄株高增加33.69％～37.19％,其中D6-4处理（施镁量4g/盆）植株干重增加28.55％,达到0.05水平显著差异.在整个生长期滴施镁肥各处理的相对叶绿素和植株叶片含镁量都能保持在较高的水平.在生长中后期,随着滴施镁肥量的增加,滴施镁肥各处理的植株叶片含镁量增加31.0％ ～ 101.6％,与CK相比达到0.05显著水平.土柱模拟滴施硫酸镁试验结果表明,滴施3个浓度水平的硫酸镁后,土层交换性镁含量在水平方向上都呈先递减后递增的趋势,在10～ 15 cm土层镁含量达到最低,其后在15 cm以下的土层中镁含量逐渐升高;而在垂直方向上都呈先急剧减少然后缓慢增加的趋势,其中在0～5、5 ～ 10 cm土层中交换性镁含量的下降幅度较大,在10 cm以下土层中交换性镁含量变化趋于平缓.[结论]与不施镁肥处理相比,施用镁肥能促进番茄的生长.滴施不同浓度的镁肥,土层交换性镁含量在水平方向上呈先递减后递增的趋势,在垂直方向上呈先急剧减少然后缓慢增加的趋势.     

红壤柑桔园硼铜镁营养失调的诊断

根据植株外部症状及叶片、土壤分析结果,确诊福建省长泰县岩溪果场椪柑和蕉柑出现的叶片黄化、早期落叶等现象,系硼、铜过量及缺镁综合诱发的植株营养失调。发病植株叶片硼、铜含量明显超过适宜值,分别达110～258ppm和26～41ppm;镁含量偏低,为0.22％～0.31％。初步认为连年喷布(或土施)硼肥和波尔多液,以及土壤酸度过高是导致柑桔植株硼、铜、镁营养失调的直接原因。     

高产奶牛血清镁含量分析

为调查南宁地区某奶牛场奶牛血清镁含量及其是否与该场奶牛蹄病有关,选取40头健康奶牛和46头蹄病奶牛,采用原子吸收分光光度法分析每头牛血清镁含量,结果表明全部被检牛血清镁平均含量为22.72±3.11mg/L;健康组与蹄病组奶牛血清镁含量分别为23.02±3.19mg/L和22.45±3.09mg/L,两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

饲喂不同日粮的山羊尿沉渣晶体的化学组成和显微形态

采集饲喂棉饼、玉米粉、麸皮、豆饼四种常见日粮的山羊尿样，应用化学定性分析、Ｘ－射线衍射物相分析、Ｘ－射线能谱分析和扫描电子显微镜观察等手段分别进行尿沉渣晶体的化学组成和显微形态的分析和观察。结果表明，饲喂棉饼日粮和麸皮日粮时山羊尿沉渣晶体的化学组成为磷酸钾镁，显微开矿为斜方柱状；饲喂玉米日粮时为碳酸镁，形态为长方柱状；饲喂豆饼日粮时为碳酸钙（方解石），形态为短方柱状。最后，还对几种尿沉渣晶体的生成     

不同品种春小麦硫、钙、镁吸收动态模型及分布运转的研究

以蒙麦36号等3个春小麦品种为材料,系统研究了S,Ca,Mg 3种养分在不同生育时期体内含量变化及分布运转规律;查明了其百公斤子粒吸收量,消耗系数,生产效率;建立了3个春小麦品种S,Ca,Mg养分的吸收动态模型。并应用模型理想地摸拟了最大吸收量、最大吸收速率及其出现时间。     

粤西砖红壤的镁素状况及其有效性

研究结果表明,粤西砖红壤的全镁含量普遍较低,玄武岩和花岗岩发育的土壤,全镁含量多在0.2％以下,浅海沉积物发育的土壤,全镁不足0.1％,玄武岩发育的土壤,交换性镁较丰,表土含量均在100ppm以上,镁饱和度较高;浅海沉积物和花岗岩发育的土壤,交换性镁贫缺,表土平均含量分别为16.7和14.7ppm,镁饱和度大都极低.土壤供镁能力的强弱依次是:玄武岩发育的砖红壤>浅海沉积物发育的砖红壤>花岗岩发育的砖红壤。交换性镁及镁饱和度与牧草的相对产量、吸镁量以及玉米小苗的含镁量、吸镁量的相关性达显著或极显著水平。据此初步认为可用作土壤镁素诊断指标。酸深性镁的有效性也较高,但因其释放速度较慢,不宜作为诊断指标,可用以评价土壤有效镁的补充能力。